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Áp dụng cái này nha!:
a²/x + b²/y + c²/z +d²/t ≥ (a + b +c +d)²/(x + y + z + t) (wen thuộc)
1/a + 1/b + 1/b + 1/c ≥ 16/(a + 2b +c)
1/a + 1/b + 1/c + 1/c ≥ 16/(a + b +2c)
1/a + 1/a + 1/b + 1/c ≥ 16/(2a + b +c)
Cộng 3 vế lại:
1/a + 1/b +1/c ≥ 4[1/(a+2b+c) + 1/(b+2c+a) + 1/(c+2a+b)]
⇔ ¼ (1/a + 1/b +1/c) ≥ 1/(a+2b+c) + 1/(b+2c+a) + 1/(c+2a+b)
⇒ ½ (1/a + 1/b +1/c) ≥ ¼ (1/a + 1/b +1/c) ≥ 1/(a+2b+c) + 1/(b+2c+a) + 1/(c+2a+b)
⇔ ½ (1/a + 1/b +1/c) ≥ 1/(a+2b+c) + 1/(b+2c+a) + 1/(c+2a+b)
Dấu = xra khi a = b = c và 1/a + 1/b +1/c = 0
⇒ dấu = không xảy ra.
⇒ ½ (1/a + 1/b +1/c) > 1/(a+2b+c) + 1/(b+2c+a) + 1/(c+2a+b)
\(P=\frac{2a+3b+3c-1}{2015+a}+\frac{3a+2b+3c}{2016+b}+\frac{3a+3b+2c+1}{2017+c}\)
\(=\frac{6047-a}{2015+a}+\frac{6048-b}{2016+b}+\frac{6049-c}{2017+c}\)
\(=\frac{8062}{2015+a}+\frac{8064}{2016+b}+\frac{8066}{2017+c}-3\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{8062}+\sqrt{8064}+\sqrt{8066}\right)^2}{2015+2016+2017+a+b+c}-3=\frac{\left(\sqrt{8062}+\sqrt{8064}+\sqrt{8066}\right)^2}{8064}-3\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi ....
Ta có : \(p=\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có :
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}.\frac{b+c}{4ab}}=\frac{1}{a}\)
\(\frac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{a+c}{4ac}\ge4\sqrt{\frac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}.\frac{a+c}{4ac}}=\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}.\frac{a+b}{4ab}}=\frac{1}{c}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được \(p+\frac{1}{4c}+\frac{1}{4a}+\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{4a}+\frac{1}{4c}+\frac{1}{4b}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow p+\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow p\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{2a.2b.2c}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{8abc}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Xét: \(\frac{bc}{a^2b+ca^2}=\frac{bc}{a\cdot abc\cdot\frac{1}{c}+a\cdot abc\cdot\frac{1}{b}}=\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ca}\)(*)
Tương tự với (*) ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{ca}{b^2c+ab^2}=\frac{c^2a^2}{ab+bc}\\\frac{ab}{c^2a+bc^2}=\frac{a^2b^2}{ca+bc}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{bc}{a^2b+ca^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ca}\)
Ta thấy\(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ca}\) có dạng: \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Bước cuối Cô-si ba số và kết hợp điều kiện abc=1 là xong
Lời giải:
Vì $a,b,c\in [0;1]$ nên: \(a(a-1)(b-1)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a(ab-a-b+1)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b\geq a^2+ab-a\)
Tương tự với \(b^2c; c^2a\) suy ra:
\(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+1\geq a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac+1-a-b-c(1)\)
Lại có:
\((a-1)(b-1)(c-1)\leq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (ab-a-b+1)(c-1)\leq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc-(ab+bc+ac)+a+b+c-1\leq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac+1\geq a+b+c+abc\geq a+b+c(2)\) do $abc\geq 0$
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+1\geq a^2+b^2+c^2\) (đpcm)
1.
\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{\left(a+2b\right)^2+\left(b+2c\right)^2+\left(c+2a\right)^2}{\left(a-2b\right)^2+\left(b-2c\right)^2+\left(c-2a\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2+4b^2+4ab+b^2+4c^2+4bc+c^2+4a^2+4ca}{a^2+4b^2-4ab+b^2+4c^2-4bc+c^2+4a^2-4ca}\)
\(=\dfrac{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-10\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{-10\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-6}{-14}=\dfrac{3}{7}\)
b.
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right)-3abc\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab+2bc+3ca}{3a^2+4b^2+5c^2}=\dfrac{a^2+2a^2+3a^2}{3a^2+4a^2+5a^2}=\dfrac{6}{12}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchuy - Schwarz dưới dạng Engel ta có :
\(P=\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+2b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{2a+b+c+a+2b+c+a+b+2c}\)
\(=\frac{9}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge\frac{9}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy \(N_{min}=\frac{9}{4}\) tại \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)