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a: Ta có: \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: a+b+c=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
b: Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)
a) \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3a^2b-3ab^2-3abc=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)(đúng do a+b+c = 0)
a: Ta có: a+b+c=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: a+b+c=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
b: Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)
a(b3 - c3) + b(c3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
= a(b3 - c3 ) + b( c3 - b3 + b3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
= a(b3 - c3) + b(c3 - b3) + b(b3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
= a(b3 - c3) - b(b3 - c3) - [b(a3 - b3) - c(a3- b3)]
= (b3 - c3)(a - b) - (a3- b3)(b - c)
= (b - c)(b2 + bc + c2)(a - b) - (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2)(b - c)
= (b - c)(a - b)(b2 + bc + c2 - a2 + ab - b2)
= (b - c)(a - b) [ (c2 - a2) + (bc - ab) ]
= (b - c)(a - b) [ (c - a)(c + a) + b(c - a) ]
= (b - c)(a -b) [ (c - a)(c + a + b) ]
= (a- b)(b - c)(c - a)(a + b + c)
Bài 1:
$a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3-3abc=0$
$\Leftrightarrow [(a+b)^3+c^3]-[3ab(a+b)+3abc]=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2]-3ab(a+b+c)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2-3ab]=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)=0$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c=0$ hoặc $a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$
Xét TH $a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)-2(ab+bc+ac)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0$
$\Rightarrow a-b=b-c=c-a=0$
$\Leftrightarrow a=b=c$
Vậy $a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc$ khi $a+b+c=0$ hoặc $a=b=c$
Áp dụng vào bài:
Nếu $a+b+c=0$
$A=\frac{-c}{c}+\frac{-b}{b}+\frac{-a}{a}=-1+(-1)+(-1)=-3$
Nếu $a=b=c$
$P=\frac{a+a}{a}+\frac{b+b}{b}+\frac{c+c}{c}=2+2+2=6$
\(A=x\left(y^2-z^2\right)+y\left(z^2-x^2\right)+z\left(x^2-y^2\right)=x\left(y^2-z^2\right)+y\left(-y^2+z^2-x^2+y^2\right)+z\left(x^2-y^2\right)=\left(y^2-z^2\right)\left(x-y\right)+\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(z-y\right)=\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x-y\right)-\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(y-z\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z-x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)\)
\(B=a\left(b^3-c^3\right)+b\left(c^3-a^3\right)+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)=ab^3-ac^3+bc^3-a^3b+a^3c-b^3c=ab\left(b^2-a^2\right)-c^3\left(a-b\right)+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)=-ab\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-c^3\left(a-b\right)+c\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(-a^2b-ab^2-c^3+a^2c+abc+b^2c\right)\)
a(b3 - c3) + b(c3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
= a(b3 - c3 ) + b( c3 - b3 + b3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
= a(b3 - c3) + b(c3 - b3) + b(b3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
\(=\left[a\left(b^3-c^3\right)-b\left(b^3-c^3\right)\right]-\left[b\left(a^3-b^3\right)-c\left(a^3-b^3\right)\right]\)
= (b3 - c3)(a - b) - (a3- b3)(b - c)
= (b - c)(b2 + bc + c2)(a - b) - (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2)(b - c)
= (b - c)(a - b)(b2 + bc + c2 - a2 + ab - b2)
= (b - c)(a - b) [ (c2 - a2) + (bc - ab) ]
= (b - c)(a - b) [ (c - a)(c + a) + b(c - a) ]
= (b - c)(a -b) [ (c - a)(c + a + b) ]
= (a- b)(b - c)(c - a)(a + b + c)
Lời giải:
$a^3+b^3=2(c^3-8d^3)$
$a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=c^3+d^3+2(c^3-8d^3)$
$=3c^3-15d^3=3(c^3-5d^3)\vdots 3$
Khi đó:
$(a+b+c+d)^3=(a+b)^3+(c+d)^3+3(a+b)(c+d)(a+b+c+d)$
$=a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3+3ab(a+b)+3cd(c+d)+3(a+b)(c+d)(a+b+c+d)\vdots 3$ do:
$a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\vdots 3$
$3ab(a+b)\vdots 3$
$3cd(c+d)\vdots 3$
$3(a+b)(c+d)(a+b+c+d)\vdots 3$
Vậy:
$(a+b+c+d)^3\vdots 3$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c+d\vdots 3$
_Bác ghi rõ được hem ạ=)))Nhìn rối mắt=))))
T^a có BĐT sau:
\(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
BĐT trên có thể dễ dàng chứng minh bằng biến đổi tương đương.
Áp dụng vào, ta có ngay đpcm.