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Cho a,b,c,d >0 .CMR: a/(b+c) + b/(c+d) + c/(d+a) + d/( a+b)? | Yahoo Hỏi & Đáp
Ta có BĐT phụ \(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{a}}{1-a}\ge4a+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(2\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\ge0\forall\dfrac{1}{4}< a< 0\)
Tương tự cho 3 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{b}}{1-b}\ge4b+1;\dfrac{1+\sqrt{c}}{1-c}\ge4c+1;\dfrac{1+\sqrt{d}}{1-d}\ge4d+1\)
Cộng theo vế 4 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge4\left(a+b+c+d\right)+4=8=VP\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Ta cần chứng minh :
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{a}}{1-a}\ge4a+1\) \(\forall a\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+\sqrt{a}\ge\left(4a+1\right)\left(1-a\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+\sqrt{a}\ge4a-4a^2+1-a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2-4a-1+a+1+\sqrt{a}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2-3a+\sqrt{a}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4a^2-a\right)-\left(2a-\sqrt{a}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(2a+\sqrt{a}\right)-\left(2a-\sqrt{a}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(2a+\sqrt{a}-1\right)\ge0\)
Ta có: \(2a-\sqrt{a}=\left(\sqrt{2a}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{8}\ge0\) \(\forall a\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(\left(2a+\sqrt{a}-1\right)=\left(\sqrt{2a}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{8}\ge0\)
\(\forall a\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
Vậy: \(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{a}}{1-a}\ge4a+1\) \(\forall a\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{b}}{1-b}\ge4b+1\forall b\in\left(0;1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{c}}{1-c}\ge4c+1\forall c\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{d}}{1-d}\ge4d+1\forall d\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
Cộng các BĐT vừa chứng minh, ta được:
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{a}}{1-a}+\dfrac{1+\sqrt{b}}{1-b}+\dfrac{1+\sqrt{c}}{1-c}+\dfrac{1+\sqrt{d}}{1-d}\ge4\left(a+b+c+d\right)+4=8\)
Vậy: Ta suy ra được điều phải chứng minh
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\dfrac{ab}{cd}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2\right)cd=ab\left(c^2+d^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2cd-b^2cd=abc^2+abd^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2cd-abc^2-abd^2+b^2cd=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac\left(ad-bc\right)-bd\left(ad-bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ac-bd\right)\left(ad-bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}ac-bd=0\\ad-bc=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}ac=bd\\ad=bc\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{d}{c}\\\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{d}{c}\\\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\end{matrix}\right.\) (ĐPCM)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM dạng ngược dấu (\(ab\leq (\frac{a+b}{2})^2\) )ta có:
\(\frac{b+c+d}{a}.1\leq \left(\frac{\frac{b+c+d}{a}+1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{(a+b+c+d)^2}{4a^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b+c+d}\geq \frac{4a^2}{(a+b+c+d)^2}\)\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c+d}}\geq \frac{2a}{a+b+c+d}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \sqrt{\frac{b}{c+d+a}}\geq \frac{2b}{a+b+c+d}\\ \sqrt{\frac{c}{d+a+b}}\geq \frac{2c}{a+b+c+d}\\ \sqrt{\frac{d}{a+b+c}}\geq \frac{2d}{a+b+c+d}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo vế: \(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{2a+2b+2c+2d}{a+b+c+d}=2\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\frac{b+c+d}{a}=\frac{c+d+a}{b}=\frac{d+a+b}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{d}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c+d=0\) (VL do $a,b,c,d$ dương)
Do đó dấu bằng không xảy ra .
Hay \(\text{VT}>2\) (đpcm)
Sửa đề: \(1< \dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{b+c+d}< 2\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}>\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{c}{a+c+d}>\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d}\) (3)
\(\dfrac{d}{c+b+d}>\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}\) (4)
Từ (1)(2)(3)(4) =>\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{b+c+d}>\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\)
Lại có:\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}\)(Vì a<a+b+c)
\(\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}< \dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}\)(Vì b<a+b+d)
\(\dfrac{c}{a+c+d}< \dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}\)(Vì c<c+a+d)
\(\dfrac{d}{b+c+d}< \dfrac{d+a}{a+b+c+d}\)(Vì d<d+b+c)
=>\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{b+c+d}< \dfrac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\\ \text{Vậy 1< ...< 2}\)