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1)
a)\(B=3+3^3+3^5+3^7+.....+3^{1991}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=3\left(1+3^2+3^4+3^6+.....+3^{1990}\right)\)
Vì \(3\left(1+3^2+3^4+3^6+.....+3^{1990}\right)\)chia hết cho 3 nên \(B⋮3\)
\(B=3+3^3+3^5+3^7+.....+3^{1991}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\left(3+3^3+3^5+3^7\right)+.....+\left(3^{1988}+3^{1989}+3^{1990}+3^{1991}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=3\left(1+3^2+3^4+3^6\right)+.....+3^{1988}\left(1+3^2+3^4+3^6\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=3.820+.....+3^{1988}.820\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=3.20.41+.....+3^{1988}.20.41\)
Vì \(3.20.41+.....+3^{1988}.20.41\) chia hết cho 41 nên \(B⋮41\)
a) A = 1 + 2 + 2² + ... + 2⁴¹
⇒ 2A = 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2⁴²
⇒ A = 2A - A
= (2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2⁴²) - (1 + 2 + 2² + ... + 2⁴¹)
= 2⁴² - 1
b) A = 1 + 2 + 2² + ... + 2⁴¹
= (1 + 2 + 2²) + (2³ + 2⁴ + 2⁵) + ... + (2³⁹ + 2⁴⁰ + 2⁴¹)
= 7 + 2³.(1 + 2 + 2²) + ... + 2³⁹.(1 + 2 + 2²)
= 7 + 2³.7 + ... + 2³⁹.7
= 7.(1 + 2³ + ... + 2³⁹) ⋮ 7
Vậy A ⋮ 7
Ta có:
A = 1 + 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2⁴⁰ + 2⁴¹
= (1 + 2) + (2² + 2³) + ... + (2⁴⁰ + 2⁴¹)
= 3 + 2².(1 + 2) + ... + 2⁴⁰.(1 + 2)
= 3 + 2².3 + ... + 2⁴⁰.3
= 3.(1 + 2² + ... + 2⁴⁰) ⋮ 3
Vậy A ⋮ 3
c) A = 1 + 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2⁴⁰
= (1 + 2 + 2² + 2³) + (2⁴ + 2⁵ + 2⁶ + 2⁷) + ... + (2³⁸ + 2³⁹ + 2⁴⁰ + 2⁴¹)
= 15 + 2⁴.(1 + 2 + 2² + 2³) + ... + 2³⁸.(1 + 2 + 2² + 2³)
= 15 + 2⁴.15 + ... + 2³⁸.15
= 15.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2³⁸)
= 5.3.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2³⁸) ⋮ 5
Vậy A chia 5 dư 0
`A = 1 + 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^41` $\\$
`2A = 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^42`$\\$
`2A - A = (2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^42) - (1 + 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^41)` $\\$
`2A - A = 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^42 - 1 - 2 - 2^2 - 2^3 - ... - 2^41`$\\$
`2A - A = (2 - 1 - 2) + (2^2 - 2^2) + (2^3 - 2^3) + ... (2^41 - 2^41) + 2^42`$\\$
`2A - A = - 1 + 2^42`$\\$
hay `A = -1 + 2^42`$\\$
gọi a=3p+r
b=3q+r
xét a-b= (3p+r)-(3q+r)
=3p + r - 3q - r
=3p+3q =3.(p+q) chia hết cho 3
các câu sau làm tương tự
`A = 1 + 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^41` $\\$
`2A = 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^42`$\\$
`2A - A = (2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^42) - (1 + 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^41)` $\\$
`2A - A = 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^42 - 1 - 2 - 2^2 - 2^3 - ... - 2^41`$\\$
`2A - A = (2 - 1 - 2) + (2^2 - 2^2) + (2^3 - 2^3) + ... (2^41 - 2^41) + 2^42`$\\$
`2A - A = - 1 + 2^42`$\\$
hay `A = -1 + 2^42`$\\$
`A = 1 + 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^{41}` $\\$
`2A = 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^{42}`$\\$
`2A - A = (2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^{42}) - (1 + 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^{41})` $\\$
`2A - A = 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^{42} - 1 - 2 - 2^2 - 2^3 - ... - 2^{41}`$\\$
`2A - A = (2 - 1 - 2) + (2^2 - 2^2) + (2^3 - 2^3) + ... (2^{41} - 2^{41}) + 2^42`$\\$
`2A - A = - 1 + 2^{42}`$\\$
hay `A = -1 + 2^{42}`$\\$
a) \(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{41}\)
\(2A=2+2^2+...+2^{42}\)
\(2A-A=2+2^2+...+2^{42}-1-2-2^2-...-2^{41}\)
\(A=2^{42}-1\)
b) \(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{41}\)
\(A=\left(1+2\right)+\left(2^2+2^3\right)+...+\left(2^{40}+2^{41}\right)\)
\(A=3+2^2\cdot3+...+2^{40}\cdot3\)
\(A=3\cdot\left(1+2^2+...+2^{40}\right)\)
Vậy A ⋮ 3
__________
\(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{41}\)
\(A=\left(1+2+2^2\right)+...+\left(2^{39}+2^{40}+2^{41}\right)\)
\(A=7+...+2^{39}\cdot7\)
\(A=7\cdot\left(1+..+2^{39}\right)\)
Vậy: A ⋮ 7
c) \(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{41}\)
\(A=\left(1+2^2\right)+\left(2+2^3\right)+...+\left(2^{38}+2^{40}\right)+\left(2^{39}+2^{41}\right)\)
\(A=5+2\cdot5+...+2^{38}\cdot5+2^{39}\cdot5\)
\(A=5\cdot\left(1+2+...+2^{39}\right)\)
A ⋮ 5 nên số dư của A chia cho 5 là 0
Xem lại phần c dòng này nhé a
\(A=\left(1+2^2\right)+\left(2^2+2^4\right)+...+\left(2^{38}+2^{40}\right)+\left(2^{39}+2^{41}\right)\)
có 2 số \(2^2\)?