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D
PTHH:
AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO3 (1)
nNaCl = 11.758.511.758.5 =0.2 (mol)
Theo (1) nAgCl = nNaCl = 0.2 ( mol)
=> mAgCl = 0.2 x 143.5 = 28.7 (g)
PTHH: \(NaCl+AgNO_3->NaNO_3+AgCl\) Số mol NaCl, \(AgNO_3\) tham gia: \(n_{NaCl}=0,5.2=1\left(mol\right)\) \(n_{AgNO_3}=0,6.2=1,2\left(mol\right)\) Lập tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{1}{1}< \dfrac{1,2}{1}\) => \(AgNO_3\) dư, tính toán theo NaCl. Theo PTHH: \(n_{AgCl}=n_{NaCl}=1\left(mol\right)\) Khối lượng kết tủa AgCl thu được: \(m_{AgCl}=1.143,5=143,5\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{NaCl}=0.5\cdot2=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{AgNO_3}=0.6\cdot2=1.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(AgNO_3+NaCl\rightarrow AgCl+NaNO_3\)
Lập tỉ lệ :
\(\dfrac{1.2}{1}>\dfrac{1}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow AgNO_3dư\)
\(m_{AgCl}=1\cdot143.5=143.5\left(g\right)\)
a)
Xuất hiện kết tủa màu trắng
b)
$AgNO_3 + NaCl \to AgCl + NaNO_3$
$n_{NaCl} = 0,5.2 = 1 < n_{AgNO_3} = 0,6.2 = 1,2$ nên $AgNO_3$ dư
$n_{AgCl} = n_{NaCl} = 1(mol)$
$m_{AgCl} = 1.143,5 = 143,5(gam)$
c)
$n_{NaNO_3} = n_{NaCl} = 1(mol)$
$n_{AgNO_3\ dư} = 1,2 - 1 = 0,2(mol)$
$V_{dd} = 0,5 + 0,6 = 1,1(lít)$
$C_{M_{NaNO_3}} = \dfrac{1}{1,1} = 0,91M$
$C_{M_{AgNO_3}} = \dfrac{0,2}{1,1} = 0,18M$
\(n_{CuSO_4}=2.0,34=0,68(mol)\\ a,CuSO_4+2NaOH\to Na_2SO_4+Cu(OH)_2\downarrow\\ Cu(OH)_2\xrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Cu(OH)_2}=0,68(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu(OH)_2}=0,68.98=66,64(g)\\ b,n_{CuO}=0,68(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,68.80=54,4(g)\\ c,V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{200}{1,25}=160(ml)\\ n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200.32\%}{100\%.40}=1,6(mol)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{CuSO_4}}{1}<\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{2}\) nên \(NaOH\) dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH(dư)}=1,6-0,68.2=0,24(mol); n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,68(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} C_{M_{NaOH(dư)}}=\dfrac{0,24}{0,16}=1,5M\\ C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,68}{0,16}=4,25M \end{cases}\)
1) \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,78}{78}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6NaOH\rightarrow3Na_2SO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,03<----------------------0,01
=> nNaOH min = 0,03 (mol)
=> \(C_{M\left(NaOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,03}{0,2}=0,15M\)
2) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{5,1}{102}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,3.0,25=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(6NaOH+Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\rightarrow3Na_2SO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,45<------0,075-------------------------->0,15
\(NaOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
0,05<----0,05
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
0,1<-------0,05
=> nNaOH max = 0,5 (mol)
=> \(V_{dd}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)=250\left(ml\right)\)
3)
\(n_{KOH\left(1\right)}=0,15.1,2=0,18\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{4,68}{78}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{AlCl_3}=0,1.x\left(mol\right)\)
Do khi cho KOH tác dụng với dd Y xuất hiện kết tủa
=> Trong Y chứa AlCl3 dư
PTHH: \(3KOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3KCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,18---->0,06----------------->0,06
\(n_{KOH\left(2\right)}=0,175.1,2=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{2,34}{78}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(3KOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3KCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
(0,3x-0,18)<--(0,1x-0,06)------->(0,1x-0,06)
\(KOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow KAlO_2+2H_2O\)
(0,1x-0,09)<-(0,1x-0,09)
=> \(\left(0,3x-0,18\right)+\left(0,1x-0,09\right)=0,21\)
=> x = 1,2
\(n_{KOH}=0,1.2=0,2mol\\ n_{MgSO_4}=0,1.0,8=0,08mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.0,4=0,04mol\)
Vì bazo và axit luôn pư trc nên H2SO4 hết MgSO4 dư.
\(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
0,08 0,04 0,04 0,08
\(2KOH+MgSO_4\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+K_2SO_4\)
0,12 0,06 0,06 0,06
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^0}MgO+H_2O\)
0,06 0,06 0,06
\(m_1=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,06.58=3,48g\\ m_2=m_{MgO}=0,06.40=2,4g\\ C_{M\left(K_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,04+0,06}{0,1+0,1}=0,5M\\ C_{M\left(MgSO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,08-0,06}{0,1+0,1}=0,1M\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200}{1000}.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Mg+2HCl--->MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\left(1\right)\)
a. Theo PT(1): \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(lít\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b. \(PTHH:2NaOH+MgCl_2--->Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\left(2\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{20\%.100}{100\%}}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,5}{2}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
Vậy NaOH dư.
Theo PT(2): \(n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2.58=11,6\left(g\right)\)
a: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
200ml=0,2 lít
\(n_{HCl}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{H_2}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{H_2}=n_{H_2}\cdot M=2.24\cdot1=2.24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{MgCl_2}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{Mg}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{Mg}=2.24\cdot24=53.76\left(g\right)\)
Chọn A