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a)
\(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2 (1)
0,6<----------------------0,3
=> mNa = 0,6.23 = 13,8 (g)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,1<-0,2
=> mFe = 0,1.56 = 5,6 (g)
mCu = 10 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Na=\dfrac{13,8}{13,8+5,6+10}.100\%=46,94\%\\\%Fe=\dfrac{5,6}{13,8+5,6+10}.100\%=19,05\%\\\%Cu=\dfrac{10}{13,8+5,6+10}.100\%=34,01\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
\(\dfrac{0,3}{y}\)<--0,3
=> \(M_{Fe_xO_y}=\dfrac{17,4}{\dfrac{0,3}{y}}=58y\left(g/mol\right)\)
=> 56x = 42y
=> \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) => CTHH: Fe3O4
a)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
0,6<----------------------0,3
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,1<--0,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na}=0,6.23=13,8\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=10\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{13,8}{13,8+5,6+10}.100\%=46,94\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{13,8+5,6+10}.100\%=19,05\%\\\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{10}{13,8+5,6+10}.100\%=34,01\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
\(\dfrac{0,3}{y}\)<--0,3
=> \(M_{Fe_xO_y}=56x+16y=\dfrac{17,4}{\dfrac{0,3}{y}}\left(g/mol\right)\)
=> \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
=> CTHH: Fe3O4
nHCl=0,6 mol
FeO+2HCl-->FeCl2+ H2O
x mol x mol
Fe2O3+6HCl-->2FeCl3+3H2O
x mol 2x mol
72x+160x=11,6 =>x=0,05 mol
A/ CFeCl2=0,05/0,3=1/6 M
CFeCl3=0,1/0,3=1/3 M
CHCl du=(0,6-0,4)/0,3=2/3 M
B/
NaOH+ HCl-->NaCl+H2O
0,2 0,2
2NaOH+FeCl2-->2NaCl+Fe(OH)2
0,1 0,05
3NaOH+FeCl3-->3NaCl+Fe(OH)3
0,3 0,1
nNaOH=0,6
CNaOH=0,6/1,5=0,4M
a)
\(Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ Fe_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2FeCl_3 + 3H_2\)
Theo PTHH : \(n_{Zn} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3} = \dfrac{35,5-0,3.65}{160} = 0,1\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl} = 2n_{Zn} + 6n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,3.2 + 0,1.6 = 1,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{HCl} = 1,2.36,5 = 43,8(gam)\)
b)
\(CuO + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Cu + H_2O\\ Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe + 3H_2O\)
Gọi \(n_{CuO} = a;n_{Fe_2O_3} = b\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80a+160b=19,6\\a+3b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,135\\b=0,055\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=0,135\\n_{Fe}=0,055.2=0,11\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu}=0,135.64=8,64\left(gam\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,11.56=6,16\left(gam\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi CTHH của oxit sắt là FexOy.
PT: \(ZnO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Zn+H_2O\)
\(Fe_xO_y+yH_2\underrightarrow{t^o}xFe+yH_2O\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
B gồm: Zn và Fe.
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 65a + 56b = 17,7 (1)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}+n_{Fe}=a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{ZnO}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_xO_y}=\dfrac{1}{x}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,2}{x}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Có: mZnO + mFexOy = 24,1 ⇒ mFexOy = 24,1 - 0,1.81 = 16 (g)
\(\Rightarrow M_{Fe_xO_y}=\dfrac{16}{\dfrac{0,2}{x}}=80x\left(g/mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow56x+16y=80x\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Vậy: CTHH cần tìm là Fe2O3.
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{ZnO}=\dfrac{0,1.81}{24,1}.100\%\approx33,61\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}\approx66,39\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
0,04 <----------------------- 0,04
\(\rightarrow m_{Cu}=2,88-0,04.56=0,64\left(g\right)\\\rightarrow n_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,64}{64}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{giảm}=m_{O\left(oxit\right)}=4-2,88=1,12\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_O=\dfrac{1,12}{16}=0,07\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow n_{O\left(Fe_xO_y\right)}=0,07-0,01.1=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH FexOy
=> x : y = 0,04 : 0,06 = 2 : 3
CTHH Fe2O3
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05mol\)
\(CuO+CO\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+CO_2\)
\(Fe_xO_y+yCO\underrightarrow{t^o}xFe+yCO_2\)
Chất rắn sau phản ứng thu đc cho tác dụng với HCl chỉ có Fe tác dụng.
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04mol\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,04 0,08 0,04 0,04
\(m_{Cu}=2,88-0,04\cdot56=0,64g\Rightarrow n_{CuO}=n_{Cu}=0,01mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_xO_y}=4-0,01\cdot80=3,2g\)
\(n_{Fe_xO_y}=\dfrac{1}{x}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,04}{x}\)
\(M=\dfrac{3,2}{\dfrac{0,04}{x}}=80x\)
Nhận thấy \(x=2\Rightarrow Fe_2O_3\)