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Sửa đề: 3,785 (l) → 3,7185 (l)
a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{40}.100\%=6,75\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=93,25\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{40.93,25\%}{102}=\dfrac{373}{1020}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+6n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{212}{85}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{\dfrac{212}{85}}{2}=\dfrac{106}{85}\left(l\right)\approx1247,06\left(ml\right)\)
d, \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}+2n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{212}{255}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{212}{255}.133,5=\dfrac{9434}{85}\left(g\right)\)
e, \(C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{212}{255}}{\dfrac{106}{85}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a) \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
b) \(n_{Fe}=n_{H2}=n_{H2SO4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al2O3}=15,8-5,6=10,2\left(g\right)\)
c) Ta có : \(n_{Al2O3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H2SO4}=3n_{Al2O3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{MddH2SO4}=\dfrac{0,1+0,3}{0,2}=2M\)
Ta có : C1=2C2
=> Gọi nH2SO4 =x
=> n HCl = 2x
Bảo toàn nguyên tố H :\(n_{HCl}.1+n_{H_2SO_4}.2=n_{H_2}.2\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+2a=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6.2\)
=>a = 0,3(mol)
=> CMHCl = \(\dfrac{0,6}{0,3}=2M\); CMH2SO4 = \(\dfrac{0,3}{0,3}=1M\)
Dung dịch B gồm : Mg 2+ , Al3+ , Cl- , SO4 2-
\(n_{Cl^-}=n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right);n_{SO_4^{2-}}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn điện tích cho dung dịch B:
\(n_{Mg}.2+n_{Al}.3=0,6+0,3.2\) (1)
Theo đề bài : \(24.n_{Mg}+27.n_{Al}=12,6\) (2)
Từ (1), (2)=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,3\\n_{Al}=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,3.24}{12,6}.100=57,14\%\)
=> % m Al = 100 -57.14 = 42,86%
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố H : \(n_{HCl}.1=n_{H_2}.2\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,5.2=1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(lít\right)\)
nH2=11,222,4=0,5(mol)nH2=11,222,4=0,5(mol)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố H : nHCl.1=nH2.2⇒nHCl=0,5.2=1(mol)⇒VHCl=12=0,5(lít)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200}{1000}.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Mg+2HCl--->MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\left(1\right)\)
a. Theo PT(1): \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(lít\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b. \(PTHH:2NaOH+MgCl_2--->Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\left(2\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{20\%.100}{100\%}}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,5}{2}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
Vậy NaOH dư.
Theo PT(2): \(n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2.58=11,6\left(g\right)\)
a: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
200ml=0,2 lít
\(n_{HCl}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{H_2}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{H_2}=n_{H_2}\cdot M=2.24\cdot1=2.24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{MgCl_2}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{Mg}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{Mg}=2.24\cdot24=53.76\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(MnO_2+4HCl\rightarrow MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MnO_2}=\dfrac{17,4}{87}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,5}{4}\) \(\Rightarrow\) MnO2 còn dư, tính theo HCl
\(\Rightarrow n_{Cl_2}=0,125\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{Cl_2}=0,125\cdot22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{O_2}=3.43-2.15=1.28\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1.28}{32}=0.04\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn O :
\(n_{H_2O}=2n_{O_2}=2\cdot0.04\cdot2=0.08\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn H :
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2O}=2\cdot0.08=0.16\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.16}{0.5}=0.32\left(l\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{Muôi}=3.43+0.16\cdot36.5-0.08\cdot18=7.83\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng:
m oxit = m kim loại + m O
=> mO = 3,43 – 2,15 = 1,28g
=> nO = 0,08 mol
Có nH+ = 2nO = 0,08 . 2 = 0,16 mol
V =\(\dfrac{0,16}{0,5}\)= 0,32 lít = 320ml
\(m_{muối}=m_{KL}+m_{Cl^-}=2,15+0,16.35,5=7,83\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,6 0,2 0,3
\(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,6}=1\left(M\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
a_______a_______a_____a (mol)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
2b______3b__________b_____3b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27\cdot2b=11\\a+3b=0,2\cdot2=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{11}\cdot100\%\approx50,91\%\\\%m_{Al}=49,09\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,4\cdot22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\\C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) nH2SO4=0,4(mol)
Đặt: nFe=x(mol); nAl=y(mol) (x,y>0)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2
x________x______x______x(mol)
2Al + 3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
y____1,5y_______0,5y_______1,5y(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=11\\x+1,5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mFe=0,1.56=5,6(g)
=>%mFe=(5,6/11).100=50,909%
=>%mAl= 49,091%
b) V(H2,đktc)=0,4.22,4=8,96(l)
c) nAl2(SO4)3= 0,5y=0,5.0,2=0,1(mol)
nFeSO4=x=0,1(mol)
Vddsau=VddH2SO4=0,2(l)
=>CMddAl2(SO4)3= 0,1/0,2=0,5(M)
CMddFeSO4=0,1/0,2=0,5(M)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\left(1\right)\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\left(2\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.785}{24.79}=0.15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot0.15=0.1\left(mol\right),n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=0.15\cdot2=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=0.1\cdot27=2.7\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3}=40-2.7=37.3\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{37.3}{102}=0.36\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=0.36\cdot6=2.16\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.3+2.16=2.46\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{2.46}{2}=1.23\left(l\right)\)