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Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
\(\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\\ \ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}=9\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge9\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy dạng engel ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\ge\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{a+b+c}=a+b+c(đpcm) \)
theo bđt cauchy ta có
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a^2}{b}+b\ge2a\\\dfrac{b^2}{c}+c\ge2b\\\dfrac{c^2}{a}+a\ge2c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}+a+b+c\ge2a+2b+2c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
a) Sai với \(a=1,b=2\)
b)
Thực hiện biến đổi tương đương:
\(\frac{a}{3b}+\frac{b(a+b)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\geq 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a}{3b}+\frac{b(a+b)+a^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{a^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\geq 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a}{3b}-\frac{a^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{3b}-\frac{a}{a^2+ab+b^2}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2+ab+b^2-3ab}{3b(a^2+ab+b^2)}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(a-b)^2}{3b(a^2+ab+b^2)}\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có đpcm. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b$
c) BĐT sai với \(a=1,b=2\)
Đề phải cho a,b,c lớn hơn 0 mới đúng
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{a+c}\right)\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\dfrac{c\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{a+b}\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\Sigma\dfrac{c\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{a+b}\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\dfrac{c\left(\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab\right)}{a+b}\le a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ac+bc+ac\right)\le a^2+b^2+c^2+2abc\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
áp dụng Bđt \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}\)\
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2abc\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+\dfrac{9abc}{a+b+c}\)
Ta cần cm
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+\dfrac{9abc}{a+b+c}\ge2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
BĐT trên tương đương
\(a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc\ge a^2\left(b+c\right)+b^2\left(a+c\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)\)
BĐT trên là hệ quả của BĐT Schur nên ta có đpcm
3: =>a^3+b^3+c^3>=3abc
=>(a+b)^3+c^3-3ab(a+b)-3abc>=0
=>(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)>=0
=>a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac>=0
=>2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac>=0
=>(a-b)^2+(a-c)^2+(b-c)^2>=0(luôn đúng)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{4bc}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^2c\left(b+c\right)}{8a^3\left(b+c\right)b^2c}}=\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{c+a}{4ca}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2a\left(c+a\right)}{8b^3\left(c+a\right)c^2a}}=\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{4ab}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^2b\left(a+b\right)}{8c^3\left(a+b\right)a^2b}}=\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{3}{4b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{3}{4c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{3}{4a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )
\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b\left(b^2+a\right)}+\dfrac{b}{c\left(c^2+b\right)}+\dfrac{c}{a\left(a^2+c\right)}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{a+b^2-b^2}{b\left(b^2+a\right)}+\dfrac{b+c^2-c^2}{c\left(c^2+b\right)}+\dfrac{c+a^2-a^2}{a\left(a^2+c\right)}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{b}{b^2+a}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{c}{c^2+b}+\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{a}{a^2+c}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\left(\dfrac{b}{b^2+a}+\dfrac{c}{c^2+b}+\dfrac{a}{a^2+c}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{b^2+a}\le\dfrac{b}{2b\sqrt{a}}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{a}}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại tao có
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a}+1}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{b}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{b}+1}{2};\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{c}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{c}+1}{2}\)
Thu lại ta có
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+3}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)-\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}.\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Hay 1 cách khác :AM-GM
\(\dfrac{b}{a^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{a^4}}=\dfrac{4}{a}\)
Tương tự là ta có ngay đpcm
Một cách đơn giản nhất tương đương ( hay còn gọi là SOS)
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{b+c-2a}{a^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(\dfrac{b-a}{a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{a^2}\right)\ge0\)
Nhóm lại: \(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(\dfrac{a-b}{b^2}+\dfrac{b-a}{a^2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(a-b\right)^2.\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a^2b^2}\right)\ge0\)(đúng)
Vậy BĐT được chứng minh.
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c