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TN1: Gọi (nCu, nAl, nFe) = (a,b,c)
=> 64a + 27b + 56c = 14,3 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b----------------------->1,5b
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
c----------------------->c
=> 1,5b + c = 0,3 (2)
TN2: Gọi (nCu, nAl, nFe) = (ak,bk,ck)
=> ak + bk + ck = 0,6 (3)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}.20\%=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
ak--->0,5ak
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
bk--->0,75bk
3Fe + 2O2 --to--> Fe3O4
ck-->\(\dfrac{2}{3}ck\)
=> 0,5ak + 0,75bk + \(\dfrac{2}{3}ck\) = 0,4 (4)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,15\left(mol\right)\\k=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,05.64}{14,3}.100\%=22,38\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{14,3}.100\%=18,88\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{14,3}.100\%=58,74\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol Al, Fe
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=0,83\\1,5x+y=0,025\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,01\\y=0,01\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,27\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,56\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 ---> FeSO4 + H2
0,25<--------------------------0,25
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,25.56=14\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{14}{32}.100\%=43,75\%\\\%m_{FeO}=100\%-43,75\%=56,25\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
$Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
b) Chất rắn không tan là Cu $\Rightarrow m_{Cu} = 1,28(gam)$
Gọi $n_{Mg} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 24a + 56b + 1,28 = 2,44(1)$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{0,784}{22,4} = 0,035(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra : a = 0,025 ; b = 0,01
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,025.24}{2,44}.100\% = 24,6\%$
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,01.56}{2,44}.100\% = 23\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% - 24,6\% - 23\% = 52,4\%$
Gọi số mol Na, Zn là a, b
=> 23a + 65b = 14,3
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
- Nếu Zn tan hết
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
______a-------------------->a---->0,5a
2NaOH + Zn --> Na2ZnO2 + H2
__2b<----b-------------------->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b\le a\\0,5a+b=14,3\end{matrix}\right.\) => Loại
=> Zn không tan hết => NaOH hết
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
______a------------------->a---->0,5a
2NaOH + Zn --> Na2ZnO2 + H2
_a--------------------------->0,5a
=> 0,5a + 0,5a = 0,1
=> a = 0,1
=> mNa = 0,1.23 = 2,3 (g)
=> mZn = 14,3 - 2,3 = 12(g)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Mg}=0,6.24=14,4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{Cu}=50-14,4=35,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{14,4}{50}.100=28,8\%\\\%Cu=\dfrac{35,6}{50}.100=71,2\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n\)H2 =\(\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}\) =0,6(mol)
PTHH:
Mg +HCl →MgCl2 + H2
0,6 mol ←0,6 mol
a) \(m\)Mg =0,6. 24 =14,4(g)
\(m\)Cu= 50- 14,4= 35,6(g)
b)\(m\)%Mg= \(\dfrac{14,4}{50}\).100%= 28,8%
\(m\)%Cu=100%- 28,8%= 71,2%
a, PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\)
Bạn xem lại xem đề cho bao nhiêu gam hỗn hợp nhé, vì mZn đã bằng 13 (g) rồi.
nH2 = 5.6/22.4 = 0.25 (mol)
2Al + 3H2SO4 => Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
1/6............................................0.25
mAl = 1/6 * 27 = 4.5 (g)
mCu = 25 - 4.5 = 20.5 (g)