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PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{ZnCl_2}\\n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0.3\cdot65}{35,5}\cdot100\%\approx54,93\%\\\%m_{Cu}=45,07\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6\cdot36,5}{500}\cdot100\%=4,38\%\\m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3\cdot136=40,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu}=35,5-0,3\cdot65=16\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{Cu}-m_{H_2}=518,9\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{518,9}\cdot100\%\approx7,86\%\)
a) PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Zn}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,1\cdot65=6,5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{10}\cdot100\%=65\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=35\%\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot36,5}{5\%}=146\left(g\right)\)
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2mol\\
Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\
n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,2mol\\
m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2g\\
m_{Cu}=25-11,2=13,8g\\
b,\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{25}\cdot100=44,8\%\\
\%m_{Cu}=100-44,8=55,2\%\)
c, Gọi CTHH của sắt là \(Fe_xO_y\)
\(Fe_xO_y+yH_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}xFe+yH_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe_xO_y}=n_{H_2}:y\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{11,6}{56x+16y}=\dfrac{0,2}{y}\\ \Leftrightarrow11,6y=11,2x+3,2y\\ \Leftrightarrow11,6y-3,2y=11,2x\\ \Leftrightarrow8,4y=11,2x\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{8,4}{11,2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ \Rightarrow x=3;y=4\\ \Rightarrow CTHH:Fe_3O_4\)
a:
Cu không tác dụng với HCl
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(m_{Mg}=0.2\cdot24=4.8\left(g\right)\)
\(\%Mg=\dfrac{4.8}{10}=48\%\)
b: \(m_{MgCl_2}=0.2\left(24+35.5\cdot2\right)=19\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(Saupư\right)}=4.8+90-0.2\cdot2=94.4\)
=>\(C\%=\dfrac{19}{94.4}\simeq20,13\%\)
\(\text{Đặt }n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+56y=13,9(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2(2)\\ b,\text{Từ 2 PT: }1,5x+y=0,35(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7(g)\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2(g)\)
\(c,n_{HCl(1)}=3n_{Al}=0,3(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=0,1(mol);n_{H_2(1)}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl(1)}}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{14,6\%}=75(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{2,7+75-0,15.2}.100\%=17,25\%\)
\(n_{HCl(2)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2(2)}=n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m{dd_{HCl(2)}}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{14,6\%}=100(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{11,2+100-0,2.2}.100\%=22,92\%\)
a) 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b) Gọi số mol Al, Fe lần lượt là a,b
=> 27a + 56b = 13,9
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----->3a--------->a------->1,5a______(mol)
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------>2b-------->b----->b__________(mol)
=> 1,5a + b = 0,35
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1=>m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\b=0,2=>m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) nHCl = 3a + 2b = 0,7 (mol)
=> mHCl = 0,7.36,5 = 25,55(g)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{25,55.100}{14,6}=175\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(saupu\right)}=13,9+175-2.0,35=188,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{13,35}{188,2}.100\%=7,1\%\\C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{25,4}{188,2}.100\%=13,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(a,\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{10}.100\%=65\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-65\%=35\%\)
\(b,V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(l\right)\)
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{H2}=\frac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Zn}=n_{H2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=\frac{0,2.65}{20}.100\%=65\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=100\%-65\%=35\%\)
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(HCl\right)}=\frac{0,4.36,5}{14,6\%}=100\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(spu\right)}=100+13-0,2.2=112,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{ZnCl2}=\frac{0,2.136}{112,6}.100\%=24,16\%\)