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Robots have intrigued humans and captured our imaginations for centuries. As early as the 8th century B.C., Homer, in his epic poem Illiad, described "handmaids of god resembling living young damsels." Science fiction literature and motion pictures also have pictured mobile devices, human- in form, encased in metal, and able to do those everyday tasks from which many of us would to be freed.
Despite our long fascination with robots, the first U.S. patent for an industrial robot was issued less than 40 years ago to George C. Devol.. In 1958, Joseph F. Engelberger, a science-fiction enthusiast, developed the first programmable manipulator, or robot. Since then, robots have become indispensable to the industry, to medicine, and to the United States space program. And while today's robots may not look or perform as fantasally as those featured in literature or movies, they are the fulfillment of dozens of science fiction visions.