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PTHH: \(2Fe+6H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2\uparrow+6H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{15}\cdot56}{13,6}\cdot100\%\approx27,45\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}=72,55\%\)
b) Ta có: \(m_{CuO}=13,6-\dfrac{1}{15}\cdot56\approx9,9\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{CuO}=n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,9}{80}=0,12375\left(mol\right)\)
*Làm gì có H2SO4 loãng đâu nhỉ ??
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 ---> FeSO4 + H2
0,2<---------------------------0,2
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=16-11,2=4,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{32}{16}.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=\dfrac{4,8}{64}.\dfrac{32}{16}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Cu + 2H2SO4 (đặc, nóng) ---> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,15--------------------------------------------->0,15
2Fe + 6H2SO4 (đặc, nóng) ---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
0,4------------------------------------------------------>0,6
=> VSO2 = (0,6 + 0,15).22,4 = 16,8 (l)
c, \(n_{NaOH}=0,375.2=0,75\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0,75}{0,6+0,15}=1\) => tạo duy nhất muối axit (NaHSO3)
PTHH: NaOH + SO2 ---> NaHSO3
0,75----------------->0,75
=> mmuối = 0,75.104 = 78 (g)
a) \(n_K=\dfrac{3,9}{39}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,05
\(V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
\(C\%_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,1.56.100\%}{3,9+52,2-0,05.2}=10\%\)
b,
PTHH: 2KOH + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + H2O
Mol: 0,1 0,05
\(V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,8}=0,0625\left(l\right)=62,5\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_K=\dfrac{3,9}{39}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ 2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\\ 0,1.......0,1........0,1..........0,05\left(mol\right)\\ a.V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\\ m_{ddKOH}=3,9+52,2-0,05.2=56\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{56}.100=10\%\\ b.H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ 0,05.........0,1..........0,05...........0,1\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,8}=0,0625\left(l\right)=62,5\left(ml\right)\)
a)
n KMnO4 = 0,26(mol)
Bảo toàn electron :
5n KMnO4 = 2n SO2
<=> n SO2 = 0,26.5/2 = 0,65(mol)
V SO2 = 0,65.22,4 = 14,56 lít
b)
n H2SO4 pư = 2n SO2 = 0,65.2 = 1,3(mol)
n H2SO4 dư = 1,3.10% = 0,13(mol)
=> n H2SO4 đã dùng = 1,3 + 0,13 = 1,43(mol)
C% H2SO4 = 1,43.98/150 .100% = 93,43%
\(Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2\\ 2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2\\ Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = n_{H_2SO_4} = a(mol)\\ \text{Bảo toàn khối lượng : }\\ 20 + 98a = 58,4 + 2a\\ \Rightarrow a = 0,4\\ \Rightarrow V_1 = \dfrac{0,4}{0,5} = 0,8(lít) = 800(ml)\\ V_2 = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96(lít)\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=n_{MgCl_2}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow24a+56b=5,12\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,688}{22,4}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+2b=0,24\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=n_{MgCl_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=n_{FeCl_2}=0,07\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl\left(p/ứ\right)}=2n_{MgCl_2}+2n_{FeCl_2}=0,24\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=n_{NaOH}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot36,5}{36,5\%}=30\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=0,12\cdot2=0,24\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=34,88\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,07\cdot127}{34,88}\cdot100\%\approx25,49\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot95}{34,88}\cdot100\%\approx13,62\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,04\cdot36,5}{34,88}\cdot100\%\approx4,19\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Đặt:\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(m_{hh}=24x+56y=13.6\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2}=x+y=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0.1\\y=0.2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%Mg=\dfrac{0.1\cdot24}{13.6}\cdot100\%=17.64\%\\ \%Fe=100-17.64=82.36\%\)
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=2\cdot0.3=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.6}{2}=0.3\left(l\right)\)
\(m_Y=m_{MgCl_2}+m_{FeCl_2}=0.1\cdot95+0.2\cdot127=34.9\left(g\right)\)