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\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{31,2}{208}=0,15mol\)
\(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\)
0,15 0,15 0,15 0,3
a)\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,15\cdot233=34,95\left(g\right)\)
b)\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\cdot98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,7}{19,6}\cdot100=75\left(g\right)\)
c)\(m_{HCl}=0,3\cdot36,5=10,95\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsau}=31,2+75-34,95=71,25\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95}{71,25}\cdot100\%=15,37\%\)
Cho Ba(OH)2 vào muối Al sẽ có 2TH sau:
TH1: kết tủa Al(OH)3 chưa bị hòa tan
Al3+ + 3OH– → Al(OH)3↓
→ nAl(OH)3 = nAl3+ → nAl(OH)3 = xn + 0,04n
TH2: kết tủa Al(OH)3 bị hòa tan một phần
Al3+ + 3OH– → Al(OH)3↓
(xn + 0,04n)→ 3(xn + 0,04n) (xn + 0,04n)
Al(OH)3 + OH– → AlO2– + 2H2O
0,952 – 3(xn + 0,04n) ←0,952
→ nAl(OH)3 = 4xn + 0,16n – 0,952
mNaOH=11(g) -> nNaOH= 0,275(mol)
mH3PO4=9,8(g) -> nH3PO4=0,1(mol)
Ta có: 2< nNaOH/nH3PO4 = 0,275/0,1=2,75< 3
=> P.ứ kết thúc thu được hỗn hợp dd Na3PO4 và Na2HPO4
PTHH: 3 NaOH + H3PO4 -> Na3PO4 + 3 H2O
3x_____________x________x(mol)
2 NaOH + H3PO4 -> Na2HPO4 +2 H2O
2y_____y__________y(mol)
mddX=55+24,5=79,5(g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=0,275\\x+y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,075\\y=0,025\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mNa3PO4=0,075.164=12,3(g)
mNa2HPO4=142.0,025=3,55(g)
=>C%ddNa3PO4=(12,3/79,5).100=15,472%
C%ddNa2HPO4=(3,55/79,5).100=4,465%
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{55\cdot20\%}{40}=0,275\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_3PO_4}=\dfrac{24,5\cdot40\%}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo HPO42- và PO43-
PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_3PO_4\rightarrow Na_2HPO_4+2H_2O\)
2a_______a___________a_______2a (mol)
\(3NaOH+H_3PO_4\rightarrow Na_3PO_4+3H_2O\)
3b_______b_________b______3b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+3b=0,275\\a+b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,025\\b=0,075\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Na_2HPO_4}=\dfrac{0,025\cdot142}{55+24,5}\cdot100\%\approx4,47\%\\C\%_{Na_3PO_4}=\dfrac{0,075\cdot164}{55+24,5}\cdot100\%\approx15,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)PTHH: ZnCl2+2KOH---->Zn(OH)2+2KCl
b)
mZnCl2=204.10100=20,4(g)ZnCl2=204.10100=20,4(g)
nZnCl2=20,4136=0,15(mol)ZnCl2=20,4136=0,15(mol)
nKOH=112.20%56=0,4(mol)KOH=112.20%56=0,4(mol)
=> 0,15/1 < 0,4/1=> KOH dư
Theo pthh, ta có :
nCu(OH)2=nZnCl2=0,15(mol)Cu(OH)2=nZnCl2=0,15(mol)
mCu(OH)2=0,15.98=14,7(g)Cu(OH)2=0,15.98=14,7(g)
c) m dd sau pư=204+112=316(g)
Theo pthh
nKOH=2nZnCl2=0,3(mol)KOH=2nZnCl2=0,3(mol)
C% KOH=0,3.56326.100%=5,32%0,3.56326.100%=5,32%
nKCl=2nZnCl2=0,3(mol)KCl=2nZnCl2=0,3(mol)
C% KCl=0,3.74,5316.100%=7,07%
\(n_{KOH}=\dfrac{100.14}{100.56}=0,25(mol)\\ 2KOH+CuCl_2\to Cu(OH)_2\downarrow+2KCl\\ \Rightarrow n_{CuCl_2}=n_{Cu(OH)_2}=0,125(mol);n_{KCl}=0,25(mol)\\ a,m_{CuCl_2}=0,125.135=16,875(g)\\ b,m_{Cu(OH)_2}=0,125.98=12,25(g)\\ c,C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{0,25.74,5}{100+16,875-12,25}.100\%=17,8\%\\ d,Cu(OH)_2\xrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{CuO}=0,125(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,125.80=10(g)\)
PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200\cdot4\%}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{150\cdot9,8\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư, tính theo Bazơ
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\cdot98=4,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot142}{200+150}\cdot100\%\approx4,06\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{4,9}{200+150}\cdot100\%=1,4\%\end{matrix}\right.\)