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Chứng minh \(\frac{m^2}{p}+\frac{n^2}{q}\ge\frac{\left(m+n\right)^2}{p+q}\) với \(p,q>0\)(*) (dễ chứng minh bằng biến đổi tương đương).
Áp dụng BĐT (*) vào bài toán, ta có:
\(M=\frac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\frac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}\)
\(=\frac{a^4}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\frac{b^4}{2017ab+2016b^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2\right)^2}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\frac{\left(b^2\right)^2}{2017ab+2016b^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}\)(1)
Mà \(ab\le\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)nên \(\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034.\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}=\frac{2^2}{2016.2+4034.\frac{2}{2}}=\frac{2}{4033}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có \(M\ge\frac{2}{4033}.\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=1.\)
Vậy \(M_{min}=\frac{2}{4033}\)khi \(a=b=1.\)
M=\(\left[\frac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\frac{a\left(2016a+2017b\right)}{4033^2}\right]+\left[\frac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}+\frac{b\left(2017a+2016b\right)}{4033^2}\right]-\frac{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}{4033^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{2a^2}{4033}+\frac{2b^2}{4033}-\frac{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}{4033^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{4033}=\frac{2}{4033}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=1
\(M=\dfrac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\dfrac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}=\dfrac{a^4}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{2017ab+2016b^2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(M\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}=\dfrac{4}{4032+4034ab}\)
AM-GM: \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Leftrightarrow2ab\le2\Leftrightarrow ab\le1\Leftrightarrow4034ab\le4034\)
Hay: \(M\ge\dfrac{4}{4032+4034}=\dfrac{4}{8066}=\dfrac{2}{4033}\)
Vì a ; b dương , áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương , ta có :
\(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow2\ge2ab\Rightarrow ab\le1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số , ta có :
\(M=\frac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\frac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}=\frac{a^4}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\frac{b^4}{2017ab+2016b^2}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016a^2+2017ab+2017ab+2016b^2}=\frac{4}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{2016.2+4034.1}=\frac{4}{8066}=\frac{2}{4033}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
a)Có \(a^2+1\ge2a\) với mọi a; \(b^2+1\ge2b\) với mọi b
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+2\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
Dấu = xảy ra <=> a=b=1
b) Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki có:
\(\left(x+y\right)^2\le\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le x+y\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)_{max}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(\left(x+y\right)_{min}=-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
c) \(S=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)
Với x,y>0, ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) (1)
Thật vậy (1) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+x}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (lđ)
Áp dụng (1) vào S ta được:
\(S\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)
Lại có: \(ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2ab}\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+2=6\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=6\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Từ giả thiết:
\(a^2=2\left(b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(b+c\right)^2\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}\right)^2\ge1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}\ge1\)
\(P=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+2bc}\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)^2}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{2}}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=x\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge x+\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{4}{9}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}+\dfrac{5}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{9}\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{9}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right).\dfrac{1}{\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)}}+\dfrac{5}{9}.1-\dfrac{2}{9}=\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{5}{3}\) khi \(x=1\) hay \(a=2b=2c\)
\(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow ab\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow4=a^2+b^2-ab\ge a^2+b^2-\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\le8\)
\(a^2+b^2\ge-2ab\Rightarrow-ab\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow4=a^2+b^2-ab\le a^2+b^2+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}=\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{8}{3}\le a^2+b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{8}{3}\le a^2+b^2\le4\)
Có : a + b + c = 0
=> (a + b)5 = (-c)5
a5 + 5a4b + 10a3b2 + 10a2b3 + 5ab4 + b5 = -c5
a5 + b5 + c5 = -5a4b - 10a3b2 - 10a2b3 - 5ab4
a5 + b5 + c5 = -5ab(a3 + 2a2b + 2ab2 + b3)
a5 + b5 + c5 = -5ab[(a3 + b3) + (2a2b + 2ab2)]
a5 + b5 + c5 = -5ab[(a + b)(a2 - ab + b2) + 2ab(a + b)]
a5 + b5 + c5 = -5ab(a + b)(a2 + b2 + ab)
a5 + b5 + c5 = 5abc(a2 + b2 + ab) (do a+b+c=0=> a+b=-c)
2(a5 + b5 + c5) = 5abc(2a2 + 2b2 + 2ab)
2(a5 + b5 + c5) = 5abc[a2 + b2 +(a2 + 2ab + b2)]
2(a5 + b5 + c5) = 5abc[a2 + b2 + (a + b)2]
2(a5 + b5 + c5) = 5abc(a2 + b2 + c2) (do a+b=-c=> (a +b )2 = c2
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a^5+b^5+c^5=\dfrac{5}{2}abc\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
Vậy...
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2}=2ab\) (Theo BĐT cô si;a,b dương)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\ge2ab\Rightarrow ab\le1\) (Vì \(a^2+b^2=2\))
\(\Rightarrow4034ab\le4034\Rightarrow4032+4034ab\le8066\) (1)
Lại có: \(M=\dfrac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\dfrac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{a^4}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{2017ab+2016b^2}\) (2)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô si dạng engel vào (2) được:
\(M\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016a^2+2017ab+2017ab+2016b^2}=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M\ge\dfrac{2^2}{2016\cdot2+4034ab}=\dfrac{4}{4032+4034ab}\) ( vì \(a^2+b^2=2\)) (3)
Từ (1);(3)\(\Rightarrow M\ge\dfrac{4}{8066}=\dfrac{2}{4033}\)
Vậy min \(M=\dfrac{2}{4033}\) khi a=b=1