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\(\dfrac{n_{OH^{^{ }-}}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0,125.2}{\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}}=1,67\Rightarrow Tạo.2.muối\\ Ba\left(OH\right)_2+CO_2->BaCO_3+H_2O\\ BaCO_3+CO_2+H_2O->Ba\left(HCO_3\right)_2\\ n_{BaCO_3max}=0,125mol=n_{CO_2\left(1\right)}\\ n_{Ba\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=0,15-0,125=0,025mol\\ C_{M\left(Ba\left(HCO_3\right)_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,025}{0,125}=0,2M\)
\(PTHH:H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Ban đầu 0,1________0,8
Phản ứng 0,1_________ 0,2 ______0,1
Dư ______ 0 ______ 0,6
\(m_{NaOH}=160.20\%=32g\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\frac{32}{23+17}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H2SO4}=200.4,9\%=9,8\%\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\frac{9,8}{32+2+16.4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na2SO4}=\frac{0,1.\left(23.2+32+16.4\right)}{200+160}.100\%=3,94\%\)
\(C\%_{NaOH_{Du}}=\frac{0,6.\left(23+17\right)}{200}.100\%=65,16\%\)
a. \(n_{CO_2}=0,02\left(mol\right);n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,008\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=0,016\\ Tacó:\dfrac{n_{OH^-}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0,016}{0,02}=0,8\Rightarrow ChỉtạoCa\left(HCO_3\right)_2,CO_2dư\\ 2CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2+H_2O\\ n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,016\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow CM_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,016}{0,4}=0,04M\)
\(b.n_{SO_2}=0,18\left(mol\right);n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\Tacó:\dfrac{n_{OH^-}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,18}=2,22\Rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right) _2dư\\ SO_2+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaCO_3+H_2O\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2dư}=0,2-0,18=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow CM_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2dư}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,2}=0,1M\)
\(n_P=\dfrac{3.1}{31}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2P_2O_5\)
\(0.1.................0.05\)
\(P_2O_5+3H_2O\rightarrow2H_3PO_4\)
\(0.05............................0.1\)
\(C_{M_{H_3PO_4}}=\dfrac{0.1}{0.1}=1\left(M\right)\)
\(m_{H_3PO_4}=0.1\cdot98=9.8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=0.05\cdot142+100=107.1\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{H_3PO_4}=\dfrac{9.8}{107.1}\cdot100\%=9.15\%\)
PTHH: \(2Na+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(Na_2SO_4+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow2NaOH+BaSO_4\downarrow\) (2)
\(2NaOH+MgCl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\) (3)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}MgO+H_2O\) (4)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{2,3}{23}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{60\cdot14,25\%}{208}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{30\cdot19\%}{95}=0,06\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\) PT (2) p/ứ hết; PT (3) có MgCl2 dư 0,01 mol
\(\Rightarrow n_{MgO}=n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{BaSO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{rắn}=m_{MgO}+m_{BaSO_4}=0,05\cdot\left(40+233\right)=13,65\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,1\cdot58,5=5,85\left(g\right)\\m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot98}{4,9\%}=100\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05\cdot58=2,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{Na}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}+m_{ddBaCl_2}+m_{ddMgCl_2}-m_{BaSO_4}-m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=177,75\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{5,85}{177,75}\cdot100\%\approx3,29\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,01\cdot95}{177,75}\cdot100\%\approx0,53\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Ba}=\dfrac{13,7}{137}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ Ba+2H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Ba}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\C\%_{ddBa\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{171.0,1}{160}.100=10,6875\% \)
PT: Ba + 2H2O ---> Ba(OH)2 + 2H2
Ta có: nBa = \(\dfrac{13,7}{137}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Ba}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1.171=17,1\left(g\right)\)
=> C% = \(\dfrac{17,1}{160}.100\%=10,69\%\)