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a, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
____0,1_____0,2______0,1_____0,1 (mol)
\(V_{H_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,1.136=13,6\left(g\right)\)
b, \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{12}{80}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\), ta được CuO dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{CuO\left(pư\right)}=n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ m chất rắn = mCuO (dư) + mCu = 0,05.80 + 0,1.64 = 10,4 (g)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4.8}{24}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.2.......0.4........................0.2\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.4}{0.2}=2\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Cu+H_2O\)
Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0.4}{1}>\dfrac{0.2}{1}\)
=> CuO dư
\(m_{cr}=m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}+m_{Cu}=32-0.2\cdot80+0.2\cdot64=28.8\left(g\right)\)
\(\%Cu=\dfrac{0.2\cdot64}{28.8}\cdot100\%=44.44\%\)
\(\%CuO\left(dư\right)=55.56\%\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{40.9}{100}=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=9-3,6=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,15 ------------------------> 0,15
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 ---------------------------> 0,3
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,15+0,3\right).22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{6,48}{18}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
Theo pthh: \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=15,12+16.0,36=20,88\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{15,12}{56}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,27 : 0,36 = 3 : 4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4 (oxit sắt từ)
mMg = 40%x9 = 3,6(g) =>nMg=3,6:24 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mAl = 9-3,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4:27 = 0,2 (mol)
pthh : 2Al+6HCl -> 2AlCl3+3H2
0,2 0,3
Mg+2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2
0,15 0,15
=> nH2 = 0,15 + 0,3 = 0,45 (mol)
=> VH2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 (L)
mH2 = 0,45 . 2 = 0,9 (mol)
áp dụng BLBTKL ta có :
mH2 + moxit sắt = mFe + mH2O
=> moxit sắt = 20,7 (g)
4) x,y lần lượt là số mol của M và M2O3
=> nOxi=3y=nCO2=0,3 => y=0,1
Đề cho x=y=0,1 =>0,1M+0,1(2M+48)=21,6 =>M=56 => Fe và Fe2O3
=> m=0,1.56 + 0,1.2.56=16,8
2)X + 2HCl === XCl2 + H2
n_h2 = 0,4 => X = 9,6/0,4 = 24 (Mg)
=>V_HCl = 0,4.2/1 = 0,8 l
a)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
0,2-->0,4----->0,2--->0,2
=> VH2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)
b) mHCl = 0,4.36,5 = 14,6 (g)
=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{7,3}=200\left(g\right)\)
c)
mdd sau pư = 13 + 200 - 0,2.2 = 212,6 (g)
mZnCl2 = 0,2.136 = 27,2 (g)
=> \(C\%=\dfrac{27,2}{212,6}.100\%=12,8\%\)
PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
\(FeSO_4+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\cdot0,5=0,15\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,15\cdot56=8,4\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,15}{1}=0,15\left(l\right)=150\left(ml\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
*Bạn xem lại đề vì nếu FeSO4 p/ứ hết thì sẽ có nhiều hơn 41,7 gam kết tủa
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)
d, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{7,3\%}=200\left(g\right)\)
⇒ m dd sau pư = 13 + 200 - 0,2.2 = 212,6 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{27,2}{212,6}.100\%\approx12,79\%\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,1 0,15
=> VH2 = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 (l)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
LTL: \(0,4>0,15\rightarrow\) CuO dư
Theo pthh: \(n_{CuO\left(pư\right)}=n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,15.64}{0,15.64+\left(0,4-0,15\right).80}=32,43\%\\\%m_{CuO}=100\%-32,43\%=67,57\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a. \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\left(1\right)\)
b. \(n_{Al}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)
Theo phương trình `(1)` \(n_{H_2}=\frac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\frac{3}{2}.0,1=0,15mol\)
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2\left(ĐKTC\right)}=n.22,4=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)
c. \(CuO+H_2\rightarrow^{t^o}Cu+H_2O\left(2\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{32}{80}=0,4mol\)
Tỷ lệ \(\frac{0,4}{1}>\frac{0,15}{1}\)
`->CuO` dư
Theo phương trình `(2)` \(n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,15mol\)
\(n_{CuO\left(pứ\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,15mol\)
\(\rightarrow n_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,15=0,25mol\)
\(m\left(g\right)\text{ chất rắn }\hept{\begin{cases}CuO_{dư}=0,25mol\\Cu=0,15mol\end{cases}}\)
\(\rightarrow m=0,15.64+0,25.80=29,6g\)
\(\%m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=\frac{0,25.80.100}{29,6}\approx67,6\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-67,6\%=32,4\%\)
a)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
0,2--->0,4---->0,2--->0,2
\(V_2=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(V_1=\dfrac{0,4}{0,5}=0,8\left(l\right)\)
b)
\(C_{M\left(ZnCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,8}=0,25M\)
c)
\(n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\) => CuO dư, H2 hết
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
0,1<--0,1------>0,1
=> m = 32 - 0,1.80 + 0,1.64 = 30,4 (g)