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PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
a_______a_______a_____a (mol)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
2b______3b__________b_____3b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27\cdot2b=11\\a+3b=0,2\cdot2=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{11}\cdot100\%\approx50,91\%\\\%m_{Al}=49,09\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,4\cdot22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\\C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) nH2SO4=0,4(mol)
Đặt: nFe=x(mol); nAl=y(mol) (x,y>0)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2
x________x______x______x(mol)
2Al + 3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
y____1,5y_______0,5y_______1,5y(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=11\\x+1,5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mFe=0,1.56=5,6(g)
=>%mFe=(5,6/11).100=50,909%
=>%mAl= 49,091%
b) V(H2,đktc)=0,4.22,4=8,96(l)
c) nAl2(SO4)3= 0,5y=0,5.0,2=0,1(mol)
nFeSO4=x=0,1(mol)
Vddsau=VddH2SO4=0,2(l)
=>CMddAl2(SO4)3= 0,1/0,2=0,5(M)
CMddFeSO4=0,1/0,2=0,5(M)
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a_____2a______a____a (mol)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b_____2b_______b____b (mol)
Ta lập hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=10,4\\a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{10,4}\cdot100\%\approx53,85\%\\\%m_{Mg}=46,15\%\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{MgO}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe_2O_3}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m=40a+160b=12\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(m_{Muối}=120a+400y=32\left(g\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.1,b=0.05\)
\(\%MgO=\dfrac{0.1\cdot40}{12}\cdot100\%=33.33\%\)
\(\%Fe_2O_3=66.67\%\)
\(m_{dd}=12+200=212\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0.1\cdot120}{212}\cdot100\%=5.66\%\)
\(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0.05\cdot400}{212}\cdot100\%=9.42\%\)
a, Ta có: 27nAl + 56nFe = 0,83 (1)
PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{Fe}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,01.27}{0,83}.100\%\approx32,53\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx67,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, nH2SO4 = nH2 = 0,025 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,025.98}{20\%}=12,25\left(g\right)\)
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=5,1\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,1}.100\approx52,941\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx47,059\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{Al,Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=5,1+250-0,25.2=254,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{254,6}.100\approx6,716\%\\ C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{254,6}.100\approx4,713\%\)
a) PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
b) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
_____0,02<---0,03<---------------------0,03
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=\dfrac{0,02.27}{2,16}.100\%=25\%\\\%Cu=100\%-25\%=75\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) mH2SO4 = 0,03.98 = 2,94 (g)
=> \(C\%\left(H_2SO_4\right)=\dfrac{2,94}{200}.100\%=1,47\%\)
a) Đặt số mol của MO, M(OH)2, MCO3 tương ứng là x, y, z.
Nếu tạo muối trung hòa ta có các phản ứng:
MO + H2SO4 →MSO4 + H2O (1)
M(OH)2 + H2SO4 →MSO4 + 2H2O (2)
MCO3 + H2SO4 →MSO4 + H2O + CO2 (3)
Nếu tạo muối axít ta có các phản ứng:
MO + 2H2SO4 →M(HSO4)2 + H2O (4)
M(OH)2 + 2H2SO4 →M(HSO4)2 + 2H2O (5)
MCO3 + 2H2SO4 →M(HSO4)2 + H2O + CO2 (6)
Ta có :
– TH1: Nếu muối là MSO4 M + 96 = 218 M = 122 (loại)
– TH2: Nếu là muối M(HSO4)2 M + 97.2 = 218 M = 24 (Mg)
Vậy xảy ra phản ứng (4, 5, 6) tạo muối Mg(HSO4)2
b) Theo (4, 5, 6) Số mol CO2 = 0,448/22,4 = 0,02 molz = 0,02 (I)
2x + 2y + 2z = 0,12 (II)
Đề bài: 40x + 58y + 84z = 3,64 (III)
Giải hệ (I, II, III): x = 0,02; y = 0,02; z = 0,02
%MgO = 40.0,02.100/3,64 = 21,98%
%Mg(OH)2 = 58.0,02.100/3,64 = 31,87%
%MgCO3 = 84.0,02.100/3,64 = 46,15%
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2
2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol Fe, Al
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=11\\x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}.100=50,91\%\)
=> %m Al = 100 - 50,91 =49,09 %
b)Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
c) \(CM_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
\(CM_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{0,2}{2}}{0,2}=0,5M\)