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\(a)\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\)
\(b)\ n_{Zn} = a\ mol\ ;\ n_{Al} = b\ mol\\ \Rightarrow65a + 27b = 6,6(1)\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{4,704}{22,4} = 0,21(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow a = 0,06 ; b = 0,1\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn} = 0,06.65 = 3,9\ gam\ ;\ m_{Al} = 0,1.27 = 2,7\ gam\)
\(n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=65a+27b=6.6\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4.704}{22.4}=0.21\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\Rightarrow a+1.5b=0.21\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):\)
\(a=0.06\)
\(b=0.1\)
\(m_{Zn}=0.06\cdot65=3.9\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=0.1\cdot27=2.7\left(g\right)\)
1)
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
Cu + 2H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
2)
- Xét TN1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,15<------------------0,15
=> mFe = 0,15.56 = 8,4 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{14,8}.100\%=56,757\%\\\%m_{Cu}=100\%-56,757\%=43,243\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
3)
- Xét TN2:
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{29,6.43,243\%}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Cu + 2H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,2-------------------------->0,2
=> V = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Zn + H2SO4 (loãng) ---> ZnSO4 + H2
0,2<--------------------------------------0,2
Zn + 2H2SO4 (đặc) ---> ZnSO4 + SO2↑ + 2H2O
0,2--->0,4------------------------------->0,2
Cu + 2H2SO4 ---> CuSO4 + SO2↑ + 2H2O
0,2<--0,4<------------------------0,2
b, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{13+12,8}.100\%=50,4\%\\\%m_{Cu}=100\%-50,4\%=49,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, PTHH:
SO3 + H2O ---> H2SO4
0,4<---------------0,4
2SO2 + O2 --to, V2O5--> 2SO3
0,4<---------------------------0,4
4FeS2 + 11O2 --to--> 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
0,2<--------------------------------------0,4
=> \(m_{FeS_2}=\dfrac{0,2.120}{100\%-20\%}=30\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m=56a+65b=13.22\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4.928}{22.4}=0.22\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=a+b=0.22\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):\)
\(a=0.12\)
\(b=0.1\)
\(\text{Bảo toàn e : }\)
\(n_{Zn}+n_{Fe}=n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{0.12}{2}+\dfrac{0.1}{2}=0.11\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{SO_2}=0.11\cdot22.4=2.464\left(l\right)\)
Đáp án D.
nSO2 = 0,55 => ne = 0,55.2 = 1,1 (mol)
mmuối = mKL + Mgốc axit. ne/2
= 14,6 + 96. 1,1/2 = 67,4 g
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(đk:a,b>0\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,28}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a--------------------------------------->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
b------------------------------>b
Theo bài ra, ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+65b=10,55\\1,5a+b=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,15\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,15.27=4,05\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{4,05}{10,55}.100\%=38,4\%\\\%m_{Zn}=100\%-38,4\%=61,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, PTHH:
\(Zn+2H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nguội\right)}\rightarrow ZnSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
0,1------------------------------>0,1----->0,1
\(2Al+3ZnSO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3Zn\downarrow\)
\(\dfrac{1}{15}\)<---0,1---------->\(\dfrac{1}{30}\)---------->0,1
\(Zn+2H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nguội\right)}\rightarrow ZnSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
0,1----------------------------->0,1-------->0,1
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V=\left(0,1+0,1\right).22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\x=\dfrac{1}{30}.342+0,1.161=27,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a.Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+65y=10,55\left(g\right)\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=\dfrac{7,28}{22,4}=0,325\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.27}{10,55}.100=38,39\%;\%m_{Zn}=61,61\%\\ b.X+H_2SO_4đặc,nguội\Rightarrow ChỉcóZnphảnứng\\ Zn\rightarrow Zn^{2+}+2e\\ S^{+6}+2e\rightarrow S^{+4}\\ Bảotoàne:n_{Zn}.2=n_{SO_2}.2\\ \Rightarrow n_{SO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\ n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4}=161.0,1=16,1\left(g\right)\)
Lưu ý: Al bị thụ động với H2SO4 dặc nguội