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Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Al, Mg
nH2 = \(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}\)=0,3mol
Pt: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
......x.........................................1,5x
.....Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
......y......................................y
Ta có hệ pt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5x+y=0,3\\27x+24y=10,2\end{matrix}\right.\)=> số âm xem lại
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
0,1 0,1 ( mol )
\(m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6g\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Cu}=10-5,6=4,4g\)
--> B
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{40.9}{100}=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=9-3,6=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,15 ------------------------> 0,15
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 ---------------------------> 0,3
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,15+0,3\right).22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{6,48}{18}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
Theo pthh: \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=15,12+16.0,36=20,88\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{15,12}{56}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,27 : 0,36 = 3 : 4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4 (oxit sắt từ)
mMg = 40%x9 = 3,6(g) =>nMg=3,6:24 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mAl = 9-3,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4:27 = 0,2 (mol)
pthh : 2Al+6HCl -> 2AlCl3+3H2
0,2 0,3
Mg+2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2
0,15 0,15
=> nH2 = 0,15 + 0,3 = 0,45 (mol)
=> VH2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 (L)
mH2 = 0,45 . 2 = 0,9 (mol)
áp dụng BLBTKL ta có :
mH2 + moxit sắt = mFe + mH2O
=> moxit sắt = 20,7 (g)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
=> nHCl = 0,5 (mol)
mmuối = mkim loại + mCl = 10,2 + 0,5.35,5 = 27,95(g)
Bài 5:
mCu= 43,24% . 14,8\(\approx\) 6,4(g)
=>mFe\(\approx\) 14,8 - 6,4= 8,4(g)
=> nFe\(\approx\) 8,4/56\(\approx\) 0,15(mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
nH2=nFe \(\approx\) 0,15 (mol)
=> V(H2,đktc) \(\approx\) 0,15 . 22,4\(\approx\) 3,36(l)
Bài 6:
nH2= 4,368/22,4=0,195(mol)
Đặt: nMg=a(mol); nAl=b(mol) (a,b>0)
PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a________2a_____a_____a(mol)
2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 +3 H2
b____3b____b______1,5b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=3,87\\a+1,5b=0,195\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,06\\b=0,09\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) nH2SO4= 2a+3b=0,39(mol)
=> mH2SO4= 0,39.98=38,22(g)
b) m(muối)= mMgSO4 + mAl2(SO4)3= 120a+ 133,5b= 120.0,06+133,5.0,09= 19,215(g)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{4.6}{23}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8.4}{56}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2.7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : Na + HCl -> NaCl + H2 ( 1 )
0,2 0,2
PTHH : Fe + HCl -> FeCl2 + H2 ( 2 )
0,15 0,15
PTHH : 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 ( 3 )
0,1 0,15
\(V_{H_2\left(1\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(V_{H_2\left(2\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
\(V_{H_2\left(3\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
Gọi x và y lần lượt là số mol Fe và Al tham gia phản ứng
a/PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 -----> FeSO4 + H2
(mol) x x x x
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 -----> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
(mol) y 3y/2 y/2 3y/2
Suy ra hệ : \(\begin{cases}152x+\frac{342y}{2}=81,7\\56x+27y=19,3\end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x=0,2\\y=0,3\end{cases}\)
=> mFe = 0,2.56 = 11,2 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\%Fe=\frac{11,2}{19,3}.100\approx58,03\%\)
%Al = 100% - 58,03% = 41,97%
b/ nH2 = x+3y/2 = 0,2 + 3.0,3/2 = 0,65 (mol)
=> VH2 = 22,4.0,65 = 14,56 (l)
c/ nH2SO4 = x+3y/2 = 0,65 (mol)
=> mH2SO4 = 98.0,65 = 63,7 (g)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
a, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+6n_{Al_2O_3}=1,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=1,2.36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}+2n_{Al_2O_3}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,4.133,5=53,4\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{32,5}{65}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{19,2}{64}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
b)
\(m_{CO_2}=44.0,5=22\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2}=1,5.2=3\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{N_2}=2.28=56\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CuO}=3.80=240\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{14,2}{71}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,8}{2}=2,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> nhh = 0,2 + 2,4 + 0,1 = 2,7 (mol)
=> Vhh = 2,7.22,4 = 60,48(l)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Mg}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
x 3/2x
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=10,2\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8g\)
=> Chọn C