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Ta có:
n H2 = 0,05 ( mol )
1.PTHH
Fe + H2SO4 ====> FeSO4 + H2
FeO + H2SO4 ====> FeSO4 + H2O
theo pthh: n Fe = n H2 = 0,05 ( mol )
=> m Fe = 2,8 ( g )
=> m FeO = 7,2 ( g ) => n FeO = 0,1 ( mol )
2.
theo pthh: n H2SO4 = 0,05 + 0,1 = 0,15
=> m H2SO4 = 14,7 ( g )
=> m dd H2SO4 9,8% = 150 ( g )
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=5,1\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,1}.100\approx52,941\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx47,059\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{Al,Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=5,1+250-0,25.2=254,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{254,6}.100\approx6,716\%\\ C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{254,6}.100\approx4,713\%\)
2Fe(OH)3 -----to---> Fe2O3 + 3H2O
Mg(OH)2 ----to---> MgO + H2O
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol Fe(OH)3 và Mg(OH)2
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}107x+58y=16,5\\\dfrac{1}{2}.160x+y.40=12\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> x=0,1 ; y=0,1
\(\%m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{107.0,1}{16,5}.100=64,85\%\)
%Mg(OH)2 = 35,15%
b) \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
0,1----------------------------------->0,05
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+2H_2O\)
0,1------------------------------------>0,1
\(m_{ddsaupu}=16,5+200=216,5\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.400}{216,5}.100=9,24\%\)
\(C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.12}{216,5}.100=5,54\%\)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{Mg}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=1\cdot24=24\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24}{32}\cdot100\%=75\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=25\%\)
b) Theo 2 PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{MgO}=2\cdot\dfrac{32-24}{40}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=2,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{2,4\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=1200\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(\Sigma n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma m_{MgCl_2}=1,2\cdot95=114\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=1\cdot2=2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=1230\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{114}{1230}\cdot100\%\approx9,27\%\)
a, PT: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(FeO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2O\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeO}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 80x + 72y = 11,2 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15.1=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{CuO}+n_{FeO}=x+y=0,15\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ x = 0,05 (mol), y = 0,1 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,05.80}{11,2}.100\%\approx35,71\%\\\%m_{FeO}\approx64,28\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuSO_4}=n_{Cu}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeSO_4}=n_{FeO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{CuSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,15}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,15}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PT: \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
a, Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 24x + 27y = 12,6 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=x+\dfrac{3}{2}y\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,6\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MG}=\dfrac{0,3.24}{12,6}.100\%\approx57,1\%\\\%m_{Al}\approx42,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,6.98=58,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8}{14,7\%}=400\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 12,6 + 400 - 0,6.2 = 411,4 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,3.120}{411,4}.100\%\approx8,75\%\\C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.342}{411,4}.100\%\approx8,31\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a) PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
b) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
_____0,02<---0,03<---------------------0,03
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=\dfrac{0,02.27}{2,16}.100\%=25\%\\\%Cu=100\%-25\%=75\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) mH2SO4 = 0,03.98 = 2,94 (g)
=> \(C\%\left(H_2SO_4\right)=\dfrac{2,94}{200}.100\%=1,47\%\)
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2|\)
1 1 1 1
0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05
\(FeO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
0,1 0,1 0,1
1) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=0,05.56=2,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{FeO}=10-2,8=7,2\left(g\right)\)
2) Có : \(m_{FeO}=7,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{FeO}=\dfrac{7,2}{72}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4\left(tổng\right)}=0,05+0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H2SO4}=0,15.98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{14,7.100}{9,8}=150\left(g\right)\)
3) \(n_{FeSO4\left(tổng\right)}=0,05+0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{FeSO4}=0,15.152=22,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=10+150-\left(0,05.2\right)=159,9\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{FeSO4}=\dfrac{22,8.100}{159,9}=14,26\)0/0
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