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Chất rắn ko tan là Cu
Đặt \(n_{Mg}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 24x+27y=13-4=9(1)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45(mol)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,45(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,15(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ a,\%_{Cu}=\dfrac{4}{13}.100\%=30,77\%\\ \%_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{13}.100\%=27,69\%\\ \%_{Al}=100\%-30,77\%-27,69\%=41,54\%\\ b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=2x+3y=0,9(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,9}{2}=0,45(l)\)
a, \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m=m_{Cu}=12-5,6=6,4\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{FeSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,2.2-0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl -->ZnCl2 + H2
____0,2<----------------------0,2
=> mZn = 0,2.65 = 13 (g)
mCu = mrắn không tan = 19,5 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Zn=\dfrac{13}{13+19,5}.100\%=40\%\\\%Cu=\dfrac{19,5}{13+19,5}.100\%=60\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
`n_(H_2)=4,48/22,4=0,2 (mol)`
Ta có PTHH: `Zn+2HCl --> ZnCl_2 +H_2`
Theo PT: `1`--------------------------------`1`
Theo đề: `0,2`------------------------------`0,2`
`m_(Zn)=0,2.65=13(g)`
Vì `Cu` không phản ứng với `HCl` nên `m_(chất rắn không tan)=m_(Cu)=19,5(gam)`
`%Zn=13/(13+19,5) .100%=40%`
`%Cu=100%-40%=60%`
\(n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 56a + 24b = 16,8 - 6,4 = 10,4(1)\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(2)\)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra: a = 0,1 ; b = 0,2
Vậy :
\(\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,1.56}{16,8}.100\% = 33,33\%\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,2.24}{16,8}.100\% = 28,57\%\\ \%m_{Cu} = 100\% - 33,33\% - 28,57\% = 38,1\%\)
Mg+2HCl->MgCl2+H2
a..............................a(mol)
Fe+2HCl->FeCl2+H2
b............................b(mol)
=>nCu=3,2/64=0,05mol
=>%mCu=(3,2.100%)/11,2=28,6%
\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=11,2-3,2\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>mMg=24.0,1=2,4g=>%Mg=(2,4.100%)/11,2=21,4%
=>%Fe=100%-21,4%-28,6%=50%
b, MgCl2+2NaOH->Mg(OH)2+2NaCL
FeCl2+2NaOH->Fe(OH)2+2NaCl
=>m(kết tủa)=mMg(OH)2+mFe(OH)2
=0,1(58+90)=14,8g
a) mCu= m(k tan)= 3,2(g)
=> m(Mg, Fe)= 11,2- 3,2=8(g)
nH2= 4,48/22,4=0,2(mol)
PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a______________2a__a______a(mol)
Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
b____2b_____b_____b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=8\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56.0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> %mMg= (2,4/11,2).100=21,429%
%mFe= (5,6/11,2).100=50%
=>%mCu= (3,2/11,2).100=28,571%
b/ MgCl2 + 2 NaOH -> Mg(OH)2 + 2 NaCl
0,1___________________0,1(mol)
FeCl2 + 2 NaOH -> Fe(OH)2 +2 NaCl
0,1__________________0,1(mol)
m(kt)=mMg(OH)2 + mFe(OH)2= 58.0,1+ 90.0,1= 14,8(g)
a) Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
_____0,15<-0,3<----0,15<---0,15
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Fe=\dfrac{0,15.56}{12}.100\%=70\%\%\\\%Cu=100\%-70\%=30\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) mHCl = 0,3.36,5 = 10,95 (g)
=> \(m_{dd}=\dfrac{10,95.100}{10}=109,5\left(g\right)\)
d) mdd = 12 + 109,5 - 0,15.2 = 121,2 (g)
\(C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{0,15.127}{121,2}.100\%=15,718\%\)
\(n_{Fe}=x(mol);n_{Mg}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 56x+24y=10-2=8(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+y=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,1(mol)\\ a,\begin{cases} \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,1}{10}.100\%=56\%\\ \%_{Mg}=\dfrac{24.0,1}{10}.100\%=24\%\\ \%_{Cu}=\dfrac{2}{10}.100\%=20\% \end{cases}\\ \)
\(b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=2(x+y)=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2(l)\)