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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,65}{65}=0,01(mol)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2(mol)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Zn}}{1}<\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\) nên \(HCl\) dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl(dư)}=0,2-0,02=0,18(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{HCl(dư)}=0,18.36,5=6,57(g)\\ b,n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,01(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,01.22,4=0,224(l)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,65}{65}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{2,3}{36,5}=\dfrac{23}{365}\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,01}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{23}{365}}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{23}{365}-0,02=\dfrac{157}{3650}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{157}{3650}.36,5=1,57\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,01.22,4=0,224\left(l\right)\)
nZn=0.01 (mol)
nHCL=0.06 (mol)
pthh: Zn + 2HCL -> ZnCL2 +H2
PT: 1 2 1 1
ĐB: 0.01 0.06 / /
pứ: 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01
spu: 0 0.04 0.01 0.01
a)vậy chất dư spu là HCL
-> mHCL = 1.46 (g)
b) V H2 đktc = 0.224 (L)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a.Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{HCl\left(pứ\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ b.n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\\ c.n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4,=4,48\left(l\right)\\ d.3H_2+Fe_2O_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O \\ n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{19,2}{160}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{3}< \dfrac{0,12}{1}\Rightarrow Fe_2O_3dưsauphảnứng\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{15}.56=7,467\left(g\right)\)
a) n\(Zn\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{13}{65}\)=0,2(mol)
n\(HCl\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=\)0,5(mol)
PTHH : Zn + 2HCl->ZnCl\(2\) + H\(2\)
0,2 0,5
Lập tỉ lệ mol : \(^{\dfrac{0,2}{1}}\)<\(\dfrac{0,5}{2}\)
n\(Zn\) hết , n\(HCl\) dư
-->Tính theo số mol hết
Zn + 2HCl->ZnCl\(2\) + H\(2\)
0,2 -> 0,4 0,2 0,2
n\(HCl\) dư= n\(HCl\)(đề) - n\(HCl\)(pt)= 0,5 - 0,4 = 0,1(mol)
m\(HCl\) dư= 0,1.36,5 = 3,65(g)
b) m\(ZnCl2\) = n.M= 0,2.136= 27,2 (g)
c)V\(H2\)=n.22,4=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)
d) n\(Fe\)\(2\)O\(3\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{19,2}{160}\)=0,12 (mol)
3H2 +Fe2O3 → 2Fe + 3H2O
0,2 0,12
Lập tỉ lệ mol: \(\dfrac{0,2}{3}\)<\(\dfrac{0,12}{1}\)
nH2 hết .Tính theo số mol hết
\(HCl\)
3H2 +Fe2O3 → 2Fe + 3H2O
0,2-> 0,2
m\(Fe\)=n.M= 0,2.56= 11,2(g)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
trc p/u : 0,1 0,4
p/u : 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
Sau : 0 0,2 0,1 0,1
a, ----> Sau p/u HCl dư
\(m_{HCldư}=0,2.26,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.7,3}{100}=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
b, \(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,1.136=13,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddZnCl_2}=6,5+200-\left(0,1.2\right)=206,3\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{13,6}{206,3}.100\%\approx6,59\%\)
c, \(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
Thể tích H2 thu được thực tế :
\(V_{H_2tt}=2,24.90\%=2,016\left(l\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=36,5.15\%=5,475\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{5,475}{36,5}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{2}\), ta được Mg dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,075\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{Mg\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,075\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,075=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,025.24=0,6\left(g\right)\)
c, - Cách 1:
\(n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,075\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}=0,075.95=7,125\left(g\right)\)
- Cách 2:
Theo ĐLBT KL, có: mMg (pư) + mHCl = mMgCl2 + mH2
⇒ mMgCl2 = 2,4 - 0,6 + 5,475 - 0,075.2 = 7,125 (g)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Al}=\frac{2,7}{27}=o,1mol\)
n HCl = o,2 mol
2 Al +6 HCl →2AlCl3 + 3H2
bđ: 0,1
đang bận !
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\( n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{24,5}{98}=0,25mol\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,25 0 0
0,1 0,15 0,05 0,15
0 0,1 0,05 0,15
Chất \(H_2SO_4\) dư và dư \(m=0,1\cdot98=9,8g\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36l\)
\(nAl=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(nH_2SO_4=\dfrac{24,5}{98}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
0,1---->0,15------>0,05--------------->0,15
Xét tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,25}{3}\)
=> H2SO4 dư vs pứ
\(nH_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}=0,25-0,15=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(mH_2SO_4=\)\(0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
\(VH_2=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(lít\right)\)
PTHH : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{Zn}=\frac{0,65}{65}=0,01mol\)
\(n_{HCl}=\frac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2mol\)
Ta có : \(n_{Zn}=0,01mol\)
\(\rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,02mol\)
Vậy \(n_{HCl}\left(dư\right)=0,18mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{HCl}\left(dư\right)=6,57\left(g\right)\)
b ) \(V_{H_2}=n_{H_2}.22,4=0,01.22,4=0,224\) ( lít )
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
Ta có:
\(n_{Zn}=\frac{0,65}{65}=0,01\left(mol\right);\\ n_{HCl}=\frac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH và đề bài, ta có:
\(\frac{0,01}{1}=0,01< \frac{0,2}{2}=0,1\)
=> Zn hết, HCl dư nên tính theo nZn.
Theo PTHH và đề bài, ta có:
\(n_{HCl\left(phảnứng\right)}=2.n_{Zn}=2.0,01=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,02=0,18\left(mol\right)\)
Khối lượng HCl dư:
\(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,18.36,5=6,57\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo PTHH và đề bài, ta có:
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
Thể tích khí H2 thu được (ở đktc):
\(V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,01.22,4=0,224\left(l\right)\)