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nC=4,8/12=0,4(mol)
nO2=6,72/22,4=0,3(mol)
PTHH: C+ O2 -to-> CO2
Ta có: 0,4/1 > 0,3/1
=> C dư, O2 hết, tính theo nO2
=> nCO2=nC(p.ứ)=nO2=0,3(mol)
=>nC(dư)=0,4-0,3=0,1(mol)
=>mC(dư)=0,1.12=1,2(g)
V(CO2,đktc)=V(O2,đktc)=6,72(l) (Số mol tỉ lệ thuận thể tích)
Câu 1 :
$n_C = \dfrac{4,8}{12} = 0,4(mol) ; n_{O_2} = \dfrac{7,437}{24,79} = 0,3(mol)$$
$C + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CO_2$
Ta thấy :
$n_C : 1 > n_{O_2} : 1$ nên C dư
$n_{C\ pư} = n_{O_2} = 0,3(mol) \Rightarrow m_{C\ dư} = (0,4 - 0,3).12 = 1,2(gam)$
$\Rightarorw V_{CO_2} = V_{O_2} = 7,437(lít)$
Câu 2 :
$n_{Mg} = \dfrac{2,4}{24} = 0,1(mol)$
$n_{Cl_2} = \dfrac{9,916}{24,79} = 0,4(mol)$
$Mg + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} MgCl_2$
Ta thấy :
$n_{Mg} : 1 < n_{Cl_2} : 1$ nên $Cl_2$ dư
$n_{Cl_2\ pư} = n_{Mg} = 0,1(mol) \Rightarrow m_{Cl_2\ dư} = (0,4 - 0,1).71 = 21,3(gam)$
$n_{MgCl_2}= n_{Mg} = 0,1(mol) \Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2} = 0,1.95 = 9,5(gam)$
nCaO = 11.2/56=0.2 mol
nH2SO4 = 39.2/98 = 0.4 mol
CaO + H2SO4 => CaSO4 + H2O
0.2_____0.2______0.2______0.2
mCaSO4 = 0.2*136=27.2 (g)
mH2SO4(dư) = ( 0.4 - 0.2 ) * 98 = 19.6 (g)
mH2O = 0.2*18 = 3.6 (g)
Chúc bạn học tốt <3
a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\), ta được CuO dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,3\cdot98=29,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
nH2SO4=0,5(mol)
nZn=0,2(mol)
a) PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2
ta có: 0,5/1 > 0,2/1
=> Zn hết, H2SO4 dư, tính theo nZn
b) m(H2SO4 dư)= (0,5-0,2).98=29,4(g)
c) nH2= nZn=0,2(mol)
=>V(H2,đktc)=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{109,5.20\%}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,6}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-0,2.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{ZnCl_2}=136.0,2=27,2\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{ddsau}=13+109,5-0,2.2=122,1\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddZnCl_2}=\dfrac{27,2}{122,1}.100\approx22,277\%\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{122,1}.100\approx5,979\%\)
Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
a, nZn = 13/65= 0,2(mol)
mHCl= 109,5.20%/100%=21.9(g)
nHCl=21,9/36,5=0,6(mol)
Theo PT nHCl = 2nZn= 2.0,2= 0,4(mol)<0,6(mol)
=> HCl pư dư, Zn pư hết
Theo PT: nH2= nZn =0,2(mol)
VH2=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)
b, Theo PT: nZnCl2=nZn=0,2(mol)
mZnCl2= 0,2.136=27,2(g)
c, mdd sau pư= 13+109,5-0,2.2=122,1(g)
C%dd ZnCl2=27,2.100%/122,1=22,28%
nHCl dư= 0,6-0,4=0,2(mol)
mHcl
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,2.3}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
Câu 11:
\(n_{CaO}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(CaO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+H_2O\)
Ban đầu: 0,2 0,4 0,2
Sau pư: 0 0,2 0,2
`=>`\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\\m_{CaSO_4}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 12:
\(n_S=\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(S+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}SO_2\)
Ban đầu: 0,2 0,5
Sau pư: 0 0,3 0,2
`=>`\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{O_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\V_{SO_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 13:
\(n_C=\dfrac{4,8}{12}=0,4\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(C+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CO_2\)
Ban đầu: 0,4 0,3
Sau pư: 0,1 0 0,3
`=>`\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{C\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=0,1.12=1,2\left(g\right)\\V_{CO_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 14:
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{20,8}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,8}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\)
Ban đầu: 0,1 0,1
Sau pư: 0 0 0,1 0,2
`=>`\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{BaSO_4}=0,1.233=23,3\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 15:
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
Ban đầu: 0,25 0,5
Sau pư: 0 0 0,25
`=>`\(m_{CuCl_2}=0,25.135=33,75\left(g\right)\)