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Bài 1 :
Giả sử : hỗn hợp có 1 mol
\(n_{H_2}=a\left(mol\right),n_{O_2}=1-a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\overline{M_X}=0.3276\cdot29=9.5\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_X=2a+32\cdot\left(1-a\right)=9.5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0.75\)
Cách 1 :
\(\%H_2=\dfrac{0.75}{1}\cdot100\%=75\%\)
\(\%O_2=100-75=25\%\)
Cách 2 em tính theo thể tích nhé !
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
a--->2a------------------>a
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b---->3b-------------------->1,5b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=16,6\\a+1,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,2.2+0,2.3\right).36,5}{300}.100\%=12,167\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
gọi nFe : a , nAl: b (a,b>0) => 56a + 27b = 16,6 (g)
\(pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a a
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
b \(\dfrac{3b}{2}\)
=> \(a+\dfrac{3b}{2}=0,5\)
ta có hệ pt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=16,6\\a+\dfrac{3b}{2}=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a= 0,2 , b = 0,2
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=16,6-11,2=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,4
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,6
=> \(m_{HCl}=\left(0,4+0,6\right).36,5=36,5\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C\%=\dfrac{36,5}{200}.100\%=18,25\%\)
a)
MgCO3 --to--> MgO + CO2
CaCO3 --to--> CaO + CO2
b) Khối lượng rắn sau pư giảm do có khí CO2 thoát ra
c) \(m_{giảm}=m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,8}{44}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol CaCO3, MgCO3 là a, b (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,2\\100a+84b=18,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCO_3}=0,1.100=10\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCO_3}=0,1.84=8,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Ba+2H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,025 0,025
\(BaO+H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Ba}=0,025.137=3,425\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ba}=\dfrac{3,425}{6,486}=52,81\%\\\%m_{BaO}=100\%-52,81\%=47,19\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Ba + 2H2O --> Ba(OH)2 + H2
0,1<------------------------0,1
=> mBa = 0,1.137 = 13,7 (g)
=> mCu = 20 - 13,7 = 6,3 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ba}=\dfrac{13,7}{20}.100\%=68,5\%\\\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,3}{20}.100\%=31,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt tỉ lệ
Rồi lập hệ pt
\(\text{a) }n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{0,9}{18}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(pthh:CuO+H_2\overset{t^o}{\rightarrow}Cu+H_2O\left(1\right)\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }x\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }x\\ PbO+H_2\overset{t^o}{\rightarrow}Pb+H_2O\left(2\right)\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }y\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }y\)
Từ (1) và (2), ta có hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,05\\80x+217y=8,59\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{113}{6850}\\y=\dfrac{459}{13700}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=n\cdot M=80\cdot x=80\cdot\dfrac{113}{6850}=1,32\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{PbO}=n\cdot M=217\cdot\dfrac{459}{13700}=7,27\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%CuO=\dfrac{1,32\cdot100}{8,59}=15,37\%\\ \%PbO=\dfrac{7,27\cdot100}{8,59}=84,63\%\)
b) Theo \(pthh\left(1\right):n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=\dfrac{113}{6850}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo \(pthh\left(2\right):n_{Pb}=n_{PbO}=\dfrac{459}{13700}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=n\cdot M=\dfrac{113}{6850}\cdot64=1,06\left(g\right)\\ m_{Pb}=n\cdot M=\dfrac{459}{13700}\cdot207=6,94\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{h^2}=1,06+6,94=8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%Cu=\dfrac{1,06\cdot100}{8}=13,25\%\\ \%Pb=\dfrac{6,94\cdot100}{8}=86,75\%\\ \)