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a)
$n_{MgO} = \dfrac{8}{40} = 0,2(mol)$
$MgO + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{MgO} = 0,4(mol) \Rightarrow V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,4}{1} = 0,4(lít)$
b)
$n_{MgCl_2} = n_{MgO} = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow C_{M_{MgCl_2}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,4} = 0,5M$
c)
$MgCl_2 + 2NaOH \to Mg(OH)_2 + 2NaCl$
$n_{NaOH} = 2n_{MgCl_2} = 0,4(mol)$
$n_{Mg(OH)_2} = n_{MgCl_2} = 0,2(mol)$
Suy ra :
$V = \dfrac{0,4}{1} = 0,4(lít)$
$m_{Mg(OH)_2} = 0,2.58 = 11,6(gam)$
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2mol\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
a)\(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{1}=0,4\left(l\right)=400ml\)
c) \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
0,2 0,2
\(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)=200ml\)
\(a.HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
PỨ trung hoà
\(b,n_{NaOH}=0,1.1=0,1mol\\ n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=n_{HCl}0,1mol\\ m=m_{HCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65g\\ c,m_{NaCl}=0,1.58,5=5,85g\\ d,n_{HCl}=\dfrac{73.10}{100.36,5}=0,2mol\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ n_{HCl,pứ}=n_{NaOH}=0,1mol\\ m_{HCl,dư}=\left(0,2-0,1\right).36,5=3,65g\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2mol\)
\(m_{HCl}=21,9g\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\)
=> HCl dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\)
bổ sung ý b)
Khối lượng dung dịch sau phản ứng = mZn + mHCl - mH2 thoát ra = 13 +150 - 0,2 .2 = 162,6 gam
Dung dịch thu được sau phản ứng gồm \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ZnCl_2\\HCl_{dư}\end{matrix}\right.\)
nZnCl2 = nZn = 0,2 mol => mZnCl2 = 0,2 . 136 = 27,2 gam
=> C% ZnCl2 = \(\dfrac{27,2}{162,6}\).100= 16,72%
nHCl dư = 0,6 - 0,4 = 0,2 mol
mHCl dư= 0,2.36,5 = 7,3 gam
=> C% HCl dư = \(\dfrac{7,3}{162,6}\).100 = 4,5%
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5.100}{10}=146\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ C\%_{ddZnCl_2}=\dfrac{136.0,2}{13+146-0,2.2}.100\approx17,15\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5.100}{10}=146\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pứ = 13+146-0,2.2 = 158,6 (g)
\(C\%_{ddZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.136.100\%}{158,6}=17,15\%\)
a) \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,4958}{24,79}=0,02\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=0,6.1=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
0,02<------0,04<----0,02<-----0,02
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(p\text{ư}\right)}< n_{HCl\left(b\text{đ}\right)}\left(0,04< 0,6\right)\Rightarrow HCl\) dư, \(CaCO_3\) tan hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCO_3}=0,02.100=2\left(g\right)\\m_{CaSO_4}=5-2=3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) dd sau phản ứng có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=0,6-0,04=0,56\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCl_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(HCl\left(d\text{ư}\right)\right)}=\dfrac{0,56}{0,6}=\dfrac{14}{15}M\\C_{M\left(CaCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,6}=\dfrac{1}{30}M\end{matrix}\right.\)
nCuO= 4/80= 0,05(MOL)
mHCl= 18,25% . 100= 18,25(g)
=> nHCl= 18,25/36,5= 0,5(mol)
PTHH: CuO + 2 HCl -> CuCl2 + H2O
0,05______0,1__________0,05(mol)
Ta có: 0,05/1 < 0,5/2
=> HCl dư, CuO hết, tính theo nCuO
mHCl(dư)= (0,5 - 0,05.2).36,5=14,6(g)
mCuCl2= 0,05.135= 6,75(g)
mddsau= mddHCl + mCuO= 100 +4=104(g)
=> C%ddHCl(dư)=14,6\104.100≈14,038%
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
b. Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(lít\right)\)
c. Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{9,8}{m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}}.100\%=25\%\)
=> \(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=39,2\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(m_{H_2}=0,1.2=0,2\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{dd_{ZnSO_4}}=6,5+39,2-0,2=45,5\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{ZnSO_4}=0,1.161=16,1\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{ZnSO_4}}=\dfrac{16,1}{45,5}.100\%=35,4\%\)
Câu 1 :
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{1.6}{80}=0.02\left(mol\right)\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(0.02......................0.02\)
\(m_{dd}=1.6+100=101.6\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0.02\cdot160}{101.6}\cdot100\%=3.15\%\)
Câu 2 :
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.2......0.4..........0.2........0.2\)
\(m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.4\cdot36.5\cdot100}{8}=182.5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=13+182.5-0.2\cdot2=195.1\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot136}{195.1}\cdot100\%=13.94\%\)