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1/ Đặt
\(\frac{a}{b^2}=x,\frac{b}{c^2}=y,\frac{c}{a^2}=z,xyz=1\)thì ta có
\(x+y+z=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=x+y+z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz-xy-yz-zx+x+y+z-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1;y=1;z=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b^2}=1;\frac{b}{c^2}=1;\frac{c}{a^2}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b^2;b=c^2;c=a^2\)
2/ Đặt
\(ab=x,bc=y,ca=z\) cần tính
\(P=\left(1+\frac{z}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{x}{z}\right)\left(1+\frac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y+z=0\\x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=0\end{cases}}\)
Xét \(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{x+y}{x}.\frac{y+z}{y}.\frac{z+x}{z}=\frac{\left(-x\right)\left(-y\right)\left(-z\right)}{xyz}=-1\)
Xét \(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)
Bài 1: diendantoanhoc.net
Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\) BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành
\(\frac{x}{\sqrt{3zx+2yz}}+\frac{x}{\sqrt{3xy+2xz}}+\frac{x}{\sqrt{3yz+2xy}}\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt{5}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{\sqrt{5z}\cdot\sqrt{3x+2y}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{5x}\cdot\sqrt{3y+2z}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{5y}\cdot\sqrt{3z+2x}}\ge\frac{3}{5}\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM và Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\( {\displaystyle \displaystyle \sum }\)\(_{cyc}\frac{x}{\sqrt{5z}\cdot\sqrt{3x+2y}}\ge2\)\( {\displaystyle \displaystyle \sum }\)\(\frac{x}{3x+2y+5z}\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x\left(3x+2y+5z\right)+y\left(5x+3y+2z\right)+z\left(2x+5y+3z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+7\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+\frac{20}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+\frac{20}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{5\left[x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right]}=\frac{3}{5}\)
Bổ sung bài 1:
BĐT được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b=c
Vì \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab,b^2+1\ge2b\),ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+b^2+1+1}\le\frac{1}{2\left(ab+b+1\right)}\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2\left(bc+c+1\right)}\)và \(\frac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2\left(bc+c+1\right)}\)
Khi đó\(A\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+c+1}+\frac{1}{ca+a+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{ab}{ab+b+1}+\frac{b}{ab+b+1}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu"="trg BĐT trên xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Vậy \(Max_P=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Chắc không được GP đâu !!
Áp dụng bđt cauchy , ta có :
+) \(a^2+2b^2+3=\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+1\right)+2\ge2ab+2b+2\)
+) \(b^2+2c^2+3\ge2bc+2c+2\)
+) \(c^2+2a^2+3\ge2ac+2a+2\)
Khi đó , ta có :
\(VT\le\frac{1}{2ab+2b+2}+\frac{1}{2bc+2c+2}+\frac{1}{2ac+2a+2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+c+1}+\frac{1}{ac+a+1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{abc}{bc+c+1}+\frac{abc}{ac+a+1}\right)\)( vì abc= 1 )
\(=\frac{1}{2}=VP\)( đoạn này ban tự phân tích ra nha , mk lmaf hơi tắt )
Vậy .................
Lời giải:
Từ \(a+b+c+ab+bc+ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+ab+bc+ac+abc+1=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)=1\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} a+1=x\\ b+1=y\\ c+1=z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
Biểu thức trở thành:
\(A=\frac{1}{(a+2)+a+b+ab+1}+\frac{1}{(b+2)+b+c+bc+1}+\frac{1}{(c+2)+c+a+ac+1}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{(a+2)+(a+1)(b+1)}+\frac{1}{(b+2)+(b+1)(c+1)}+\frac{1}{(c+2)+(c+1)(a+1)}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{x+1+xy}+\frac{1}{y+1+yz}+\frac{1}{z+1+zx}\)
\(A=\frac{z}{xz+z+xyz}+\frac{zx}{yxz+xz+yz.xz}+\frac{1}{z+1+xz}\)
hay \(A=\frac{z}{xz+z+1}+\frac{xz}{1+xz+z}+\frac{1}{z+1+xz}\) (thay \(xyz=1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{z+xz+1}{xz+z+1}=1\)
Vậy \(A=1\)
Ta CM BĐT phụ sau: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}},a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)( co si với a,b>0)
Suy ra \(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge4\RightarrowĐPCM\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1\right)\)
a/Áp dụng (1) có
\(\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\left(2\right)\).Tương tự ta cũng có:
\(\frac{1}{b+c+2a}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\left(3\right),\frac{1}{c+a+2b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\left(4\right)\)
Cộng (2),(3) và (4) có \(VT\le\frac{1}{4}.\left(6+6\right)=3\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
b/Áp dụng (1) có:
\(\frac{1}{3a+3b+2c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b+2c\right)+2\left(a+b\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b+2c}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right)\left(5\right)\)
Tương tự có: \(\frac{1}{3a+2b+3c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c+2b}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)\left(6\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\left(7\right)\)
Cộng (5),(6) và (7) có:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b+2c}+\frac{1}{a+c+2b}+\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\right)\le\frac{1}{4}.9=\frac{3}{2}\)
Đặt \(ab=x;\)\(bc=y;\)\(ca=z\)
Khi đó: \(a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3=3a^2b^2c^2\)
<=> \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
<=> \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=0\)
<=> \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
Nếu: \(x+y+z=0\)thì: \(ab+bc+ca=0\)
\(A=\left(\frac{a}{b}+1\right)\left(\frac{b}{c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+1\right)\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{bc}+\frac{c}{a}+1=\frac{ab+ac+bc+b^2}{bc}+\frac{c}{a}+1\)
\(=\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+1=\frac{ab+c^2+ac}{ac}=\frac{c^2-bc}{ac}=\frac{c-b}{a}\)
Nếu: \(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=0\)<=> \(x=y=z\)
<=> \(ab=bc=ca\)<=> \(a=b=c\)
\(A=\left(\frac{a}{b}+1\right)\left(\frac{b}{c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+1\right)=2.2+2=6\)
p/s: trg hợp 1 mk lm đc đến có z thôi, bn tham khảo