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\(n_{NaOH}=0,1.3=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{NaHCO_3}\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=1,5.n_{CO_2}\\ \Leftrightarrow0,3=1,5.n_{CO_2}\\ \Leftrightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{CO_2\left(\text{đ}ktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
a.\(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{V_{CH_4}}{22,4}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\)
\(CH_4+2O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)CO_2+2H_2O\)
0,5 1 0,5 ( mol )
\(V_{kk}=V_{O_2}.5=\left(1.22,4\right).5=112l\)
b.\(n_{NaOH}=0,5.0,5=0,25mol\)
\(NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
0,25 < 0,5 ( mol )
0,25 0,25 ( mol )
\(m_{NaHCO_3}=0,25.84=21g\)
CH4+2O2-to>CO2+2H2O
0,5-----1----------0,5 mol
n CH4=\(\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}\)=0,5 mol
=>Vkk=1.22,4.5=112l
NaOH+CO2->NaHCO3
0,25------0,25-------0,25
n NaOH=0,5.0,5=0,25 mol
=>Tạo ra muối axit, CO2 dư
=>m NaHCO3=0,25.84=21g
a+b) PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{HCl}=0,2\cdot36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\\V_{CO_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{50\cdot40\%}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Tạo muối trung hòa, bazơ dư, tính theo CO2
Bảo toàn Cacbon: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1\cdot106=10,6\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
____0,1______0,2_____0,1____0,1 (mol)
a, \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,15}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(M\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
b, \(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{FeCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(l\right)\)
$n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{13,44}{22,4} = 0,6(mol) ; n_{NaOH} = 0,5.1,5 = 0,75(mol)$
Ta có :
$1 < n_{NaOH} : n_{CO_2} = 0,75 : 0,6 = 1,25 < 2$ nên sản phẩm có $Na_2CO_3(a\ mol) ; NaHCO_3(b\ mol)$
Ta có :
$n_{CO_2} = a + b = 0,6(mol)$
$n_{NaOH} = 2a + b = 0,75(mol)$
Suy ra: a = 0,15 ; b = 0,45
$C_{M_{Na_2CO_3}} = \dfrac{0,15}{0,5} = 0,3M$
$C_{M_{NaHCO_3}} = \dfrac{0,45}{0,5} = 0,9M$
Bài 7:
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot1=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối
PTHH: \(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
a_______2a__________a (mol)
\(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
b_______b__________b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,15\\2a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{CO_2}+m_{ddNaOH}=0,15\cdot44+200\cdot1,25=256,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot106}{256,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,1\%\\C\%_{NaHCO_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot72}{256,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 8:
PTHH: \(RCO_3+2HNO_3\rightarrow R\left(NO_3\right)_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
Giả sử \(n_{RCO_3}=1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HNO_3}=2\left(mol\right)\\n_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{CO_2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHNO_3}=\dfrac{2\cdot63}{20\%}=630\left(g\right)\\m_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=R+124\left(g\right)\\m_{CO_2}=44\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{124+R}{R+60+630-44}=0,26582\)
\(\Leftrightarrow R=65\) (Kẽm) \(\Rightarrow\) CTHH của muối cacbonat là ZnCO3