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Tính giá trị nhỏ nhất:
\(A=x^2-4x+1=(x^2-4x+4)-3=(x-2)^2-3\)
Vì $(x-2)^2\geq 0, \forall x\in\mathbb{R}$ nên $A=(x-2)^2-3\geq 0-3=-3$
Vậy $A_{\min}=-3$
Giá trị này đạt tại $(x-2)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2$
$B=4x^2+4x+11=(4x^2+4x+1)+10=(2x+1)^2+10\geq 0+10=10$
Vậy $B_{\min}=10$
Giá trị này đạt tại $(2x+1)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{2}$
$C=(x-1)(x+3)(x+2)(x+6)$
$=(x-1)(x+6)(x+3)(x+2)$
$=(x^2+5x-6)(x^2+5x+6)$
$=(x^2+5x)^2-36\geq 0-36=-36$
Vậy $C_{\min}=-36$. Giá trị này đạt $x^2+5x=0\Leftrightarrow x=0$ hoặc $x=-5$
Tìm giá trị lớn nhất:
$D=5-8x-x^2=21-(x^2+8x+16)=21-(x+4)^2$
Vì $(x+4)^2\geq 0, \forall x\in\mathbb{R}$ nên $D=21-(x+4)^2\leq 21$
Vậy $D_{\max}=21$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(x+4)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-4$
$E=4x-x^2+1=5-(x^2-4x+4)=5-(x-2)^2\leq 5$
Vậy $E_{\max}=5$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(x-2)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2$
\(A=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+4=\left(x-2\right)^2+4\ge4\)
\(minA=4\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
\(B=\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+2=\left(2x-3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(minB=2\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(C=3\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-8=3\left(x+1\right)^2-8\ge-8\)
\(minC=-8\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
\(D=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-4=-\left(x-1\right)^2-4\le-4\)
\(maxD=-4\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(E=-\left(4x^2-6x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)-\dfrac{11}{4}=-\left(2x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{11}{4}\le-\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(maxA=-\dfrac{11}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(F=-2\left(x^2-\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)-\dfrac{55}{8}=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{55}{8}\le-\dfrac{55}{8}\)
\(maxF=-\dfrac{55}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(G=\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(y^2+y+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(maxG=\dfrac{3}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(H=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+16=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y+2\right)^2+16\le16\)
\(maxH=16\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)A=4(x+11/8)^2 -153/16
Min A=-153/16 khi x=-11/8
b)B=3(x-1/3)^2 -4/3
Min B=-4/3 khi x=1/3
Bài 1:
a) \(A=4x^2+11x-2=\left(4x^2+11x+\dfrac{121}{16}\right)-\dfrac{153}{16}=\left(2x+\dfrac{11}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{153}{16}\ge-\dfrac{153}{16}\)
\(minA=-\dfrac{153}{16}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{11}{8}\)
b) \(B=3x^2-2x-1=3\left(x^2-\dfrac{2}{3}x+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)-\dfrac{4}{3}=3\left(x-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2-\dfrac{4}{3}\ge-\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(minB=-\dfrac{4}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Bài 2:
a) \(A=-x^2+3x-1=-\left(x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)+\dfrac{5}{4}=-\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{5}{4}\le\dfrac{5}{4}\)
\(maxA=\dfrac{5}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
b) \(B=-x^2-4x+7=-\left(x^2+4x+4\right)+11=-\left(x+2\right)^2+11\le11\)
\(maxB=11\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
a: \(A=-4x^2+4x-1\)
\(=-\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)\)
\(=-\left(2x-1\right)^2\le0\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b: \(B=-x^2+5x\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)+\dfrac{25}{4}\)
\(=-\left(x-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{25}{4}\le\dfrac{25}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(a,=12x^2-4x-6x-2-x-3=12x^2-11x-5\\ b,=12x^2-9x-12x^2-4x+5=5-13x\\ c,=12x^3-4x^2-12x^3-12x^2+7x-3=-16x^2+7x-3\\ d,=\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x^2+4\right)=x^4-16\)
\(A=-x^2+3x-5\)\(=-\dfrac{11}{4}-\left(x^2-2.\dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)=-\dfrac{11}{4}-\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\le-\dfrac{11}{4}\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow A_{max}=-\dfrac{11}{4}\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(B=5x-4x^2-3=-\dfrac{23}{16}-\left(4x^2-2.\dfrac{5}{4}.2x+\dfrac{25}{16}\right)\)\(=-\dfrac{23}{16}-\left(2x-\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2\)\(\le-\dfrac{23}{16}\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow B_{max}=-\dfrac{23}{16}\Leftrightarrow2x-\dfrac{5}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{8}\)
\(C=5-4x-25x^2=\dfrac{129}{25}-\left(25x^2+2.5x.\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{4}{25}\right)\)\(=\dfrac{129}{25}-\left(5x+\dfrac{2}{5}\right)^2\le\dfrac{129}{25}\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{max}=\dfrac{129}{25}\Leftrightarrow5x+\dfrac{2}{5}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{2}{25}\)
\(D=3x-2x^2=-2\left(x^2-\dfrac{3}{2}x\right)=-2\left(x^2-2.\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+\dfrac{9}{8}\)\(=\dfrac{9}{8}-2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2\le\dfrac{9}{8}\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow D_{max}=\dfrac{9}{8}\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{3}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(E=2+6x-\dfrac{1}{4}x^2=-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x^2-24x\right)+2=-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x^2-2.12x+144\right)+38\)\(=38-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x-12\right)^2\le38\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow E_{max}=38\Leftrightarrow x-12=0\Leftrightarrow x=12\)
\(F=-5x^2+4x=-5\left(x^2-\dfrac{4}{5}x\right)=-5\left(x^2-2.\dfrac{2}{5}x+\dfrac{4}{25}\right)+\dfrac{4}{5}\)\(=\dfrac{4}{5}-5\left(x-\dfrac{2}{5}\right)^2\le\dfrac{4}{5}\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow F_{max}=\dfrac{4}{5}\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{2}{5}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{5}\)