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Ta có: \(a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2}=2ab\)\(;b^2+1\ge2\sqrt{b^2\cdot1}=2b\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+2b^2+3\ge2ab+2b+2=2\left(ab+b+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+b+1\right)\left(1\right)\). Tương tự ta có:
\(\frac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(bc+c+1\right)\left(2\right);\frac{1}{c^2+2a^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(ac+a+1\right)\left(3\right)\)
Cộng theo vế của (1);(2) và (3) ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}+\frac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}+\frac{1}{c^2+2a^2+3}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+c+1}+\frac{1}{ac+a+1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{ab}{ab+b+1}+\frac{b}{ab+b+1}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\) (vì abc=1)
Suy ra Đpcm. Dấu "=" khi a=b=c=1
Ta có: \(a^2+2b+3=\left(a^2+1\right)+2\left(b+1\right)\ge2\left(a+b+1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(b^2+2c+3\ge2\left(b+c+1\right)\); \(c^2+2a+3\ge2\left(c+a+1\right)\)
Từ đó suy ra\(\frac{a}{a^2+2b+3}+\frac{b}{b^2+2c+3}+\frac{c}{c^2+2a+3}\)\(\le\frac{a}{2\left(a+b+1\right)}+\frac{b}{2\left(b+c+1\right)}+\frac{c}{2\left(c+a+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b+1}+\frac{b}{b+c+1}+\frac{c}{c+a+1}\right)\)
Đặt \(K=\frac{a}{a+b+1}+\frac{b}{b+c+1}+\frac{c}{c+a+1}\), ta đi chứng minh \(K\le1\)
Thật vậy: \(3-K=\frac{b+1}{a+b+1}+\frac{c+1}{b+c+1}+\frac{a+1}{c+a+1}\)
\(=\frac{\left(b+1\right)^2}{\left(b+1\right)\left(a+b+1\right)}+\frac{\left(c+1\right)^2}{\left(c+1\right)\left(b+c+1\right)}+\frac{\left(a+1\right)^2}{\left(a+1\right)\left(c+a+1\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+3\right)^2}{\left(b+1\right)\left(a+b+1\right)+\left(c+1\right)\left(b+c+1\right)+\left(a+1\right)\left(c+a+1\right)}\)(*)
Ta có: \(\left(b+1\right)\left(a+b+1\right)+\left(c+1\right)\left(b+c+1\right)+\left(a+1\right)\left(c+a+1\right)\)\(=3\left(a+b+c\right)+ab+bc+ca+a^2+b^2+c^2+3\)
(Mình gõ bằng chương trình Universal Math Solver, không hiện ảnh thì vô thống kê hỏi đáp của mình, ngày 30/5/2020 vào lúc 8:25)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^2+6\left(a+b+c\right)+9\right]=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c+3\right)^2\)(**)
Từ (*) và (**) suy ra \(3-K\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+3\right)^2}{\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c+3\right)^2}=2\Rightarrow K\le1\)
Vậy ta có điều phải chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si,ta có :
\(a^2+1\ge2a\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a^2+2b+3}\le\frac{a}{2a+2b+2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b+1}\right)\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{b}{b^2+2c+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{b+c+1}\right);\frac{c}{c^2+2a+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{c+a+1}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a^2+2b+3}+\frac{b}{b^2+2c+3}+\frac{c}{c^2+2a+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b+1}+\frac{b}{b+c+1}+\frac{c}{c+a+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bu-nhi-a-cốp-ski,ta có :
\(\frac{a}{a+b+1}=\frac{a\left(a+b+c^2\right)}{\left(a+b+1\right)\left(a+b+c^2\right)}\le\frac{a^2+ab+ac^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+ab+ac^2}{9}\)
TT : ...
Cộng lại ta được :
\(\frac{a}{a+b+1}+\frac{b}{b+c+1}+\frac{c}{c+a+1}\le\frac{a^2+ab+ac^2}{9}+\frac{b^2+bc+ba^2}{9}+\frac{c^2+ca+cb^2}{9}\)
\(=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac+ac^2+ba^2+cb^2}{9}\le\frac{3+3+3}{9}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a^2+2b+3}+\frac{b}{b^2+2c+3}+\frac{c}{c^2+2a+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Ta có: \(\left\{\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2\ge2ab\\b^2+1\ge2b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+b^2+1+2\ge2ab+2b+2=2\left(ab+b+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2ab+2b+2}=\frac{1}{2\left(ab+b+1\right)}\)
Tương tự ta có:\(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2\left(bc+c+1\right)}\\\frac{1}{c^2+2a^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2\left(ac+a+1\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{2\left(ab+b+1\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(bc+c+1\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(ac+a+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ac}{a^2bc+abc+ac}+\frac{a}{abc+ac+a}+\frac{1}{ac+a+1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ac}{ac+a+1}+\frac{a}{ac+a+1}+\frac{1}{ac+a+1}\right)\left(abc=1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ac+a+1}{ac+a+1}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\) (Đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix}abc=1\\a=b=c\\a,b,c>0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng bổ đề quen thuộc \(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\), ta được: \(\frac{1}{2a^3+b^3+c^3+2}=\frac{1}{\left(a^3+b^3\right)+\left(a^3+c^3\right)+2}\le\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b\right)+ac\left(a+c\right)+2}\)\(=\frac{bc}{ab^2c\left(a+b\right)+abc^2\left(a+c\right)+2bc}=\frac{bc}{b\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+c\right)+2bc}\)\(\le\frac{bc}{ab+ac+4bc}=\frac{bc}{b\left(a+c\right)+c\left(a+b\right)+2bc}\)\(\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{bc}{b\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{bc}{c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{bc}{2bc}\right)=\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)(1)
Tương tự, ta có: \(\frac{1}{a^3+2b^3+c^3+2}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)(2); \(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+2c^3+2}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)(3)
Cộng theo vế ba bất đẳng thức (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(P\le\frac{1}{9}\left(1+1+1+\frac{3}{2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy giá trị lớn nhất của P là \(\frac{1}{2}\)đạt được khi x = y = z = 1
Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\)với x,y > 0.
Thật vậy: \(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}\)(bđt Cô -si)
và \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)(bđt Cô -si)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\)(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\))
Ta có: \(5a^2+2ab+2b^2=\left(2a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2a+b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b)
Tương tự ta có:\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5b^2+2bc+2c^2}}\le\frac{1}{2b+c}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi b=c)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5c^2+2ca+2a^2}}\le\frac{1}{2c+a}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi c=a)
\(VT=\text{Σ}_{cyc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+b^2}}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{3}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{2}{3}\)
(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{2}\))
a)
Ta thấy \(3x^2⋮5\Rightarrow x⋮5\Leftrightarrow x=5a\)
Thay vào pt đầu ta có:\(15a^2+y^2=51\\ \Rightarrow y=3b\)
Hay\(5a^2+3b^2=17\)
vì x,y nguyên nên a,b cũng nguyên
như vậy tìm được a=1,b=2
nên x=5,y=6
\(\xi\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}=\xi\frac{1}{\left(a^2+1\right)+\left(b^2+1\right)+1}\le\frac{1}{2}\xi\frac{1}{ab+b+1}=\frac{1}{2}\)|(do abc=1)