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Ta có
\(A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{2^2}+\frac{3}{2^3}+...+\frac{99}{2^{99}}+\frac{100}{2^{100}}\)
\(2A=1+\frac{2}{2}+\frac{3}{2^2}+...+\frac{99}{2^{98}}+\frac{100}{2^{99}}\)
Suy ra \(A=2A-A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{99}}\right)-\frac{100}{2^{100}}\)
Đặt \(n=\frac{1}{2}\) thì \(A=1+n+n^2+...+n^{99}-\frac{100}{2^{100}}\)
Xét \(B=1+n+n^2+...+n^{99}\Leftrightarrow B.n=n+n^2+n^3+...+n^{100}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B.n=\left(1+n+n^2+...+n^{99}\right)+\left(n^{100}-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B.n=B+n^{100}-1\Leftrightarrow B\left(n-1\right)=n^{100}-1\Leftrightarrow B=\frac{n^{100}-1}{n-1}\)
Suy ra \(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2^{100}}-1}{\frac{1}{2}-1}-\frac{100}{2^{100}}=2\left(1-\frac{1}{2^{100}}\right)-\frac{100}{2^{100}}=-\frac{102}{2^{100}}+2< 2\)
Vậy A < 2
Ta có :
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x-1}}=\frac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-1}}{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x-1}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-1}\right)}=\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-1}\)
Do đó:
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}+...+\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{n}-1\left(dpcm\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right).\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right).\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)}+...+\frac{\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}}{\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\right).\left(\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2-1}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{3-2}+...+\frac{\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}}{100-99}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}=\sqrt{100}-1=10-1=9\)
1/√1 > 1/10
1/√2 > 1/10
1/√3 > 1/10
....................
1/√99 > 1/10
1/√100 = 1/10
Cộng từng vế ta có:
1/√1 + 1/√2 + 1/√3 + ... + 1/√100 >100.1/0 = 10 (Đpcm)
\(\sqrt{17}+\sqrt{26}+1>\sqrt{16}+\sqrt{25}+1=4+5+1=10=\sqrt{100}>\sqrt{99}\)
a) 1 + 3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 311
= (1 + 3 + 32 + 33) + ... + (38 + 39 + 310 + 311)
= 40 + ... + 38.(1 + 3 + 32 + 33)
= 40 + ... + 38. 40
= (1 + ... + 38) . 40 \(⋮\)40
b) Ta có: B = \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{100^2}\)
=> B = \(\frac{1}{2.2}+\frac{1}{3.3}+\frac{1}{4.4}+...+\frac{1}{100.100}\)< \(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{99.100}\)
=> B < \(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
=> B <\(1-\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3}\right)-...-\left(\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{99}\right)-\frac{1}{100}\)
=> B < \(1-\frac{1}{100}\)
=> B < 1
=\(\frac{1-\sqrt{2}}{\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{2}\right)}\)+\(\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}\)+.....+\(\frac{\sqrt{99}-\sqrt{100}}{\left(\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}\right).\left(\sqrt{99}-\sqrt{100}\right)}\)
=\(\frac{1-\sqrt{2}}{1-2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{2-3}+...+\frac{\sqrt{99}-\sqrt{100}}{99-100}\)
=\(\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+....+\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\)
=\(-1+\sqrt{100}\)
=9
\(A=\frac{2-1}{2!}+\frac{3-1}{3!}+...+\frac{100-1}{100!}=\frac{2}{2!}-\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{3}{3!}-\frac{1}{3!}+..+\frac{100}{100!}-\frac{1}{100!}\)
\(A=1-\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{2!}-\frac{1}{3!}+...+\frac{1}{99!}-\frac{1}{100!}=1-\frac{1}{100!}