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Bài 43:\(PTHH:2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\left(1\right)\)
\(Cl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow NaClO+NaC;+H_2O\left(2\right)\)
Ta có :
\(m_{NaCl}+m_{NaClO}=33,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaClO}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow58,5a+74,5=33,25\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH (2) \(n_{Cl2}=n_{NaCl}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH (1)\(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO4}=\frac{2}{5}n_{Cl2}=\frac{2}{5}.0,25=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Mà H điều chế = 80% \(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO4\left(bđ\right)}=\frac{0,1}{80\%}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO4\left(bđ\right)}=0,125.155=19,375\left(g\right)\)
Bài 44:
\(KClO_3+6HCl\rightarrow KCl+3Cl_2+3H_2O\)
\(Cl_2+2KOH\rightarrow KCl+KClO+H_2O\)
Ta có:
\(n_{KCl}=\frac{17,433}{74,5}=0,234\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Cl2}=n_{KCl}=0,234\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KClO3}=\frac{0,234}{3}=0,078\left(mol\right)\)
Mà H =75%
\(\Rightarrow m_{KClO3}=\frac{0,078.122,5}{75\%}=12,74\left(g\right)\)
40. Đặt \(n_{Cl_2\left(thu\text{ được}\right)}=x\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+Cl_2\rightarrow NaCl+NaClO+H_2O\)
___________x______x________x
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=133x=47,88\\ \Rightarrow x=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{K_2Cr_2O_7}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
QT nhận e: Cr2+6 + 6e ----> 2Cr+3
________0,15_____0,9
QT nhường e: 2Cl- ----> Cl2 + 2e
_____________________0,45___0,9
\(\Rightarrow HSPU=\frac{n_{Cl_2\left(thu\text{ được}\right)}}{n_{Cl_2\left(lý\text{ thuyết}\right)}}=80\%\)
42.
\(n_{KMnO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{NaCl}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
0,2____________________________________0,5
\(2NaOH+Cl_2\rightarrow NaCl+NaClO\)
_________0,375___0,375
\(\Rightarrow H=\frac{0,375}{0,5}=75\%\)
Phản ứng xảy ra:
\(n_{KClO3}=\frac{24,5}{39+35,5+16.3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KClO2\left(pư\right)}=0,2.70\%=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Cl2}=0,14.3=0,42\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+Cl_2\rightarrow NaCl+NaClO\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaCl}=n_{NaClO}=n_{Cl2}=0,42\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m=m_{NaCl}+m_{NaClO}=0,42.58,5+0,42.74,5=55,86\left(g\right)\)
Ta có :
\(n_{KMnO4}=\frac{47,4}{158}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
Theo lý thuyết , tạo ra 0,75mol Cl2
\(n_{NaCl}=\frac{26,325}{58,5}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(Cl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+NaClO+H_2O\)
0,45______________0,45_____________
\(\Rightarrow H=\frac{0,45}{0,75}.100\%=60\%\)
Câu 44
Phản ứng điều chế là KClO3 vs HCl
\(n_{KCl}=\frac{17,433}{74,5}=0,234\left(mol\right)\)
\(KClO_3+6HCl\rightarrow KCl+3Cl_2+3H_2O\)
0,0624_______________0,1872________
\(3Cl_2+6KOH\rightarrow KClO_3+5KCl+3H_2O\)
0,1404__________________0,234__________
\(n_{Cl\left(lt\right)}=\frac{0,1404}{75\%}=0,1872\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KClO3}=0,0624.122,5=7,644\)
Câu 45
\(n_{Cl2}=\frac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol KMnO4;K2Cr2O7 lần lượt là a;ba;b
Phản ứng xảy ra:
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+6H_2O\)
\(14HCl+K_2Cr_2O_7\rightarrow2KCl+2CrCl_3+3Cl_2+7H_2O\)
Ta có hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}158x+194y=61\\2,4x+3y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n\%_{KMnO4}=\frac{0,2}{01+0,2}.100\%=66,67\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%n_{K2Cr2O7}=100\%-66,67\%=33,33\%\)
Cái hệ của câu 45 mk bấm lại ra âm bn , bn giải thích cho mk vs đc k
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{m_{KMnO_4}}{M_{KMnO_4}}=\dfrac{47,4}{158}=0,3mol\)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{80\%}=0,375mol\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
2 16 2 2 5 8 ( mol )
0,375 > 2,5 ( mol )
0,375 0,9375 ( mol )
\(V_{Cl_2}=n_{Cl_2}.22,4=0,9375.22,4=21l\)
\(n_{KMnO_4\left(bd\right)}=\dfrac{47,4}{158}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) => \(n_{KMnO_4\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{0,3.80}{100}=0,24\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 + 16HCl --> 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
0,24------------------------------------->0,6
=> \(V=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
Al, Fe không tác dụng với H2SO4 đặc nguội
Rắn không tan ở TN2 là Cu
mCu = 6,4 (g)
=> \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Cu + 2H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,1-------------------------->0,1
=> V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{58,4.15\%}{36,5}=0,24\left(mol\right)\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,24}{2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V1=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,12.22,4=2,688\left(l\right)\\ x=m_{Cu}=m_{hhA}-m_{Fe}=15,68-0,12.56=8,96\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{8,96}{64}=0,14\left(mol\right)\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ Cu+Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)CuCl_2\\ n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Fe}+n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,12+0,14=0,32\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V2=V_{Cl_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,32.22,4=7,168\left(l\right)\\ y=m_{muối}=m_{AlCl_3}+m_{CuCl_2}=0,12.133,5+0,14.135=34,92\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{48}{160}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Cu + 2H2SO4 ---> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,2 0,2 0,2
CuO + H2SO4 ---> CuSO4 + H2O
0,1 0,1
\(m=0,2.64+0,1.80=20,8\left(g\right)\)
\(Cl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+NaClO+H_2O\)
a______________a______a_______________
\(\Rightarrow58,5a+74,5b=33,25\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
0,1___________________________0,25______________
\(H=80\%\Rightarrow\) Thực tế cần \(0,1:80\%=0,125\left(mol\right)KMnO_4\)
\(\Rightarrow m=0,125.158=19,75\left(g\right)\)