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Câu 3 :
\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{10.80}{100}=8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a) Hiện tượng : Xuất hiện kết tủa trắng
Pt : \(2NaOH+MgSO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Mg\left(OH\right)_2|\)
2 1 1 1
0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(n_{Mg\left(OH\right)2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Mg\left(OH\right)2}=0,1.58=5,8\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{MgSO4}=0,1.120=12\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddMgSO}=\dfrac{12.100}{10}=120\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{Na2SO4}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Na2SO4}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=80+120-5,8=194,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{Na2SO4}=\dfrac{14,2.100}{194,2}=7,31\)0/0
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Câu 4 :
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2|\)
1 1 1 1
0,2 0,2
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H2SO4}=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{19,6.100}{20}=98\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{98}{1,2}\simeq81,67\left(ml\right)\)
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\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{200.16\%}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(m_{NaOH}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{16.100}{10}=160\left(g\right)\)
\(c,m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,2.142=28,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNa_2SO_4}=200+160-\left(0,2.98\right)=340,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{28,4}{240,4}.100\%\approx8,34\%\)
\(d,PTHH:\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
0,2 0,2
\(m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)
a, \(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)
b, \(m_{CuSO_4}=200.16\%=32\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{CuSO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,4.40}{10\%}=160\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.142}{200+160-0,2.98}.100\%\approx8,34\%\)
d, \(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
\(n_{CuO}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{48,75}{162,5}=0,3(mol)\\ 3NaOH+FeCl_3\to Fe(OH)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3(mol);n_{NaOH}=n_{NaCl}=0,9(mol)\\ a,m_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3.107=32,1(g)\\ b,m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,9.40}{10\%}=360(g)\\ c,C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,9.58,5}{360+48,75-32,1}.100\%=13,98\%\\ \)
\(d,2Fe(OH)_3+3H_2SO_4\to Fe_2(SO_4)_3+6H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{20\%}=220,5(g)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{220,5}{1,14}=193,42(ml)\)
a. PTHH: H2SO4 + 2NaOH ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
b. Ta có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{300}.100\%=19,6\%\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=58,8\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8}{98}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{200}.100\%=20\%\)
=> mNaOH = 40(g)
=> \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,6}{1}>\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy H2SO4 dư.
=> \(m_{dd_{Na_2SO_4}}=300+40=340\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,5.142=71\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{71}{340}.100\%=20,88\%\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot19.6\%}{98}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
\(0.4......................0.4\)
\(m_{SO_3}=0.4\cdot80=32\left(g\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{80\cdot19.6\%}{98}=0.16\left(mol\right)\)
\(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
\(0.16..........0.16..............0.16\)
\(m_{MgO}=0.16\cdot40=6.4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=6.4+80=86.4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%MgSO_4=\dfrac{0.16\cdot120}{86.4}\cdot100\%=22.22\%\)
a)
$SO_3 + H_2O \to H_2SO_4$
n SO3 = n H2SO4 = 200.19,6%/98 = 0,4(mol)
=> m = 0,4.80 = 32(gam)
b)
$MgO + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2O$
n MgSO4 = n MgO = n H2SO4 = 80.19,6%/98 = 0,16(mol)
=> m MgO = 0,16.40 = 6,4(gam)
Sau pư, m dd = 6,4 + 80 = 86,4(gam)
=> C% MgSO4 = 0,16.120/86,4 .100% = 22,22%
\(n_{CH_3COOH}=0,2\cdot0,1=0,02mol\)
a)\(2CH_3COOH+Mg\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg+H_2\)
0,02 0,01 0,01 0,01
b)\(V_{H_2}=0,01\cdot22,4=0,224l=224ml\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,01\cdot24=0,24g\)
c)\(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH\xrightarrow[xtH_2SO_4đ]{t^o}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
0,02 \(\dfrac{1,15}{46}=0,025\) 0,02
\(m_{etylaxetat}=0,02\cdot88=1,76g\)
\(H=80\%\Rightarrow m_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=1,76\cdot80\%=1,408g\)
a) 2NaOH + H2SO4 -- Na2SO4 + 2H2O
b) \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{100.20}{100.40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2NaOH + H2SO4 -- Na2SO4 + 2H2O
______0,5----->0,25------>0,25
=> mH2SO4 = 0,25.98 = 24,5 (g)
=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{24,5.100}{19,6}=125\left(g\right)\)
c) mNa2SO4 = 0,25.142 = 35,5 (g)
mdd sau pư = 100 + 125 = 225 (g)
=> \(C\%\left(Na_2SO_4\right)=\dfrac{35,5}{225}.100\%=15,778\%\)
Bài 2 :
\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{19,6.50}{100}=9,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{9,8}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O|\)
1 2 1 2
0,1 0,2
b) \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,1.2}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{8.100}{32}=25\left(g\right)\)
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