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Refer:
a² + b² + c² + d² + e² ≥ a(b + c + d + e)
Ta có: a² + b² + c² + d² + e²= (a²/4 + b²) + (a²/4 + c²) + (a²/4 + d²) + (a²/4 + e²)
Lại có: (a/2 - b)² ≥ 0 <=> a²/4 - ab + b² ≥ 0 <=> a²/4 + b² ≥ ab
Tương tự ta có:. a²/4 + c² ≥ ac.
a²/4 + d² ≥ ad.
a²/4 + e² ≥ ae
--> (a²/4 + b²) + (a²/4 + c²) + (a²/4 + d²) + (a²/4 + e²) ≥ ab + ac + ad + ae
<=> a² + b² + c² + d² + e² ≥ a(b + c + d + e)
=> đpcm.
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a/2 = b = c = d = e.
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+1=a\left(b+c+d+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2+4b^2+4c^2+4d^2+4=4ab+4ac+4ad+4a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-4ab+4b^2+a^2-4ac+4c^2+a^2-4ad+4d^2+a^2-4a+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2b\right)^2+\left(a-2c\right)^2+\left(a-2d\right)^2+\left(a-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2b\\a=2c\\a=2d\\a=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=c=d=1\end{matrix}\right.\).
Vậy \(\left(a,b,c,d\right)=\left(2,1,1,1\right)\)
Do a+b+c= 0
<=> a+b= -c
=> (a+b)2= c2
Tương tự: (c+a)2= b2, (c+b)2= a2
Ta có: \(A=\frac{1}{b^2+c^2-a^2}+\frac{1}{c^2+a^2-b^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-c^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{b^2+c^2-\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{c^2+a^2-\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{-2bc}+\frac{1}{-2ca}+\frac{1}{-2ab}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c}{-2abc}=0\)
Ta có: a+b+c=0
nên a+b=-c
Ta có: \(a^2-b^2-c^2\)
\(=a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(=a^2-\left[\left(b+c\right)^2-2bc\right]\)
\(=a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2+2bc\)
\(=\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+2bc\)
\(=2bc\)
Ta có: \(b^2-c^2-a^2\)
\(=b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)\)
\(=b^2-\left[\left(c+a\right)^2-2ca\right]\)
\(=b^2-\left(c+a\right)^2+2ca\)
\(=\left(b-c-a\right)\left(b+c+a\right)+2ca\)
\(=2ac\)
Ta có: \(c^2-a^2-b^2\)
\(=c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(=c^2-\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab\right]\)
\(=c^2-\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab\)
\(=\left(c-a-b\right)\left(c+a+b\right)+2ab\)
\(=2ab\)
Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\)
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ca-cb+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
Thay \(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\) vào biểu thức \(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\), ta được:
\(M=\dfrac{-3ab\left(a+b\right)}{2abc}=\dfrac{-3\left(a+b\right)}{2c}\)
\(=\dfrac{-3\cdot\left(-c\right)}{2c}=\dfrac{3c}{2c}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy: \(M=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3=3a^2b^2c^2\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}=\dfrac{a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3}{a^2b^2c^2}=\dfrac{3a^2b^2c^2}{a^2b^2c^2}=3\)
2) \(a^2+b^2=c^2+d^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=\left(c+d\right)^2-2cd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(c+d\right)^2=2\left(ab-cd\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c+d\right)\left(a+b-c-d\right)=2\left(ab-cd\right)\)
Ta có \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)+\left(a+b-c-d\right)=2\left(a+b\right)\) là số chẵn
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)\) và \(\left(a+b-c-d\right)\) có cùng tính chẵn lẻ
Mặt khác \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)\left(a+b-c-d\right)=2\left(ab-cd\right)\) chia hết cho 2
Nên \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)\) và \(\left(a+b-c-d\right)\) ko thể cùng lẻ
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)\) và \(\left(a+b-c-d\right)\) cùng chẵn
Mà \(a+b+c+d>2\) nên \(a+b+c+d\) là hợp số.