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a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow27a+56b=11\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(3a+2b=0,4\cdot2=0,8\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{11}\cdot100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}=50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=m_{AlCl_3}+m_{FeCl_2}=0,2\cdot133,5+0,1\cdot127=39,4\left(g\right)\)
c) Bảo toàn electron: \(3\cdot0,2+3\cdot0,1=2n_{SO_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{SO_2}=0,45\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,45\cdot22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
a) Gọi nAl = x, nFe = y
Có 27x + 56y = 11 (1)
Bảo toàn e
3x + 2y = 2.0,4 (2)
Từ 1 và 2 => x = 0,2, y = 0,1
\(\%mAl=\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}.100\%=49,09\%\)
\(\%mFe=100-49,09=50,91\%\)
b) BTKL:
m muối = mkim loại + mHCl - mH2
= 11 + 0,4.2.36,5 - 0,4.2 = 39,4g
c)
Bảo toàn e
Al => Al+3 + 3e S+6 + 2e => S+4
0,2 0,6 2x x
Fe => Fe+3 + 3e
0,1 0,3
=> 2x = 0,6 + 0,3 => x = 0,45 mol
=> VSO2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 lít
$a)PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2$
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,15(mol)$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.27}{9,45}.100\%\approx 42,86\%$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Cu}=100-42,86=57,14\%$
$b)$ Theo PT: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,45(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,45.110\%}{0,5}=0,99M$
m(Zn,Mg)=25-6,5= 18,5(g)
nHCl(p.ứ)= 0,8.2 : 125%= 1,28(mol)
PTHH: Zn + 2 HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
x__________2x_____x____x(mol)
Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
y______2y____y_____y(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+24y=18,5\\2x+2y=1,28\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{157}{2050}\\y=\dfrac{231}{410}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>
\(\%mAg=\dfrac{6,5}{25}.100=26\%\\ \%mZn=\dfrac{\dfrac{157}{2050}.65}{25}.100\approx19,912\%\\ \rightarrow\%mMg\approx54,088\%\)
a) \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,05<-----------0,05---->0,075
=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=9,54\%\)
=> \(\%Cu=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=90,46\%\)
b) \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,05->0,0375
2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,2-->0,1
=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,0375\right).22,4=3,08\left(l\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ m_{AlCl_3}=6,675\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=14,15-1,35=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{14,15}.100\approx90,459\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx9,541\%\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,05+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0875.22,4=1,96\left(l\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ a,\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,02.56}{4,36}.100\approx25,688\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Ag}\approx74,312\%\\ b,Ta.thấy:2,18=\dfrac{1}{2}.4,36\\ \Rightarrow m_{hh\left(câuB\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}.m_{hh\left(câuA\right)}\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,02}{2}=0,01\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ag}=\dfrac{2,18-0,01.56}{108}=0,015\left(mol\right)\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ 2Ag+Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2AgCl\\ n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Fe}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Ag}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,01+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,015=0,0225\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{Cl_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0225.22,4=0,504\left(l\right)\)
a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (2)
b) Dựa vào đề, ta thấy chắc chắn HCl dư
Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Fe là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)
Gọi số mol của Mg là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=8\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=56\cdot0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=24\cdot0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{8}\cdot100\%=70\%\\\%m_{Mg}=30\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Theo các PTHH: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Fe}=n_{Mg}=0,1mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot95=9,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=22,2\left(g\right)\)
d) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=\dfrac{500\cdot16\%}{36,5}=\dfrac{160}{73}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\cdot36,5=65,4\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=507,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,5\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx1,87\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{65,4}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx12,88\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 1.
giả sử có 100g KMnO4, KClO3
⇒m chất rắn =75g
2KMnO4 \(\underrightarrow{to}\) K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
x___________x/2_____ x /2__ x/2 (mol)
2KClO3→2KCl+3O2
y _________y___3y/2
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}158x+122.5y=100\\142x+74.5y=75\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\\y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)\
⇒mKMnO4⇒%
⇒mKClO3⇒%