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Khối lượng dd NaOH : 1,28*250= 80g => nNaOH = (80*25/100)/40 = 2mol
PT : BaCl2 + H2SO4 ----> BaSO4 + 2HCl
0,05mol --> 0,05mol
H2SO4 + 2NaOH -------> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
1mol <--- 2mol
hoep t trên ta có tổng số mol của H2SO4 : 0,05+1 = 1,05mol => mH2SO4 = 98*1,05 =102,9g
Vậy c%H2SO4 : 102,9/200*100= 51,45%
\(\text{1)}m_{KOH}=40.35\%=14\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{KOH}=\dfrac{14}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\\ \text{Theo pthh}:n_{HCl}=n_{KOH}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=0,25.0,5=0,125\left(l\right)\)
\(\text{2)}n_{Al}=\dfrac{4,05}{27}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=200.14,7\%=29,4\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\\ \text{PTHH}:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ \text{LTL}:\dfrac{0,15}{2}< \dfrac{0,3}{3}\rightarrow H_2SO_4\text{ dư}\)
\(\text{Theo pthh}:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,15=0,225\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=0,225\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,15=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow m_{dd\left(\text{sau phản ứng}\right)}=200+4,05-0,3.2=203,45\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{H_2SO_4\text{ dư}}=\dfrac{\left(0,3-0,225\right).98}{203,45}=3,61\%\\C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{342.0,075}{203,45}=12,61\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
nMg = mMg / M(Mg) = 3 / 24 = 0,125 (mol)
m\(_{H2SO4}\) = (m\(_{dd}\) * C%) / 100% = ( 150 * 1,96%) / 100% = 2,94 (gam)
nH2SO4 = m\(_{H2SO4}\) / M\(_{H2SO4}\) = 2,94 / 98 = 0,03 (mol)
a, Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
(mol) 0,125......0,03
xét tỉ lệ : \(\frac{0,125}{1}\) > \(\frac{0,03}{1}\)
pư : 0,03.................0,03...........0,03...........0,03
dư : (0,125-0,03)
0,095 (mol)
vậy : V(H2) = 0,03 * 22,4 = 0,672 (lít)
b, Dung dịch sau pư có MgSO4 : 0,03 (mol)
mặt khác Mg còn dư sau pư : 0,095 mol
m(dd sau) = m(Mg bđ) + m(dd H2SO4 ) - m(H2) - m(Mg dư)
= 3 + 150 - 0,03 * 2 - 0,095*24
= 150,66 (gam)
Vậy : C%(MgSO4) = {mMgSO4 / m(dd sau) } * 100%
= (0,03*120/150,66) * 100%
~ 2,39 (%)
nMg= 3/24=0.125 mol
mH2SO4= 150*1.96/100=2.94g
nH2SO4= 2.94/98=0.03 mol
Mg + H2SO4 --> MgSO4 + H2
Bđ: 0.125__0.03
Pư : 0.03___0.03______0.03____0.03
Kt: 0.095___0_________0.03___0.03
VH2= 0.03*22.4=0.672l
mdd sau phản ứng = mMg(bđ) + mddH2SO4 - mH2 - mMg(dư)
=> 3 + 150 - 0.06 - 0.095*24=150.66g
mMgSO4= 0.03*120=3.6g
C%MgSO4= 3.6/150.66*100%= 2.39%
1.
nAl=\(\dfrac{5,4}{27}\)=0,2 mol
mHCl=\(\dfrac{175.14,6}{100}\)=25,55g
nHCl=\(\dfrac{25,55}{36,5}\)=0,7
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2↑
n trước pứ 0,2 0,7
n pứ 0,2 →0,6 → 0,2 → 0,3 mol
n sau pứ hết dư 0,1
Sau pứ HCl dư.
mHCl (dư)= 36,5.0,1=3,65g
mcác chất sau pư= 5,4 +175 - 0,3.2= 179,8g
mAlCl3= 133,5.0,2=26,7g
C%ddHCl (dư)= \(\dfrac{3,65.100}{179,8}=2,03%\)%
C%ddAlCl3 = \(\dfrac{26,7.100}{179,8}\)= 14,85%
2.
200ml= 0,2l
mMg= \(\dfrac{4,2}{24}=0,175mol\)
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2↑
0,175→ 0,35 → 0,175→0,175 mol
a) VH2= 0,175.22,4=3,92l.
b)C%dHCl= \(\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\)M
Câu 1:
PTHH: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(mol\right)=n_{NaOH}\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2}=2\left(M\right)\)
Câu 2: Bạn xem lại đề !!
Sửa lại câu c .
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49.40}{100}:98=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
trc p/u : 0,3 0,2
p/u : 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2
sau : 0,1 0 0,2 0,2
-> Fe dư
\(m_{ddFeSO_4}=0,3.56+49-0,4=65,4\left(g\right)\) ( ĐLBTKL )
\(m_{FeSO_4}=0,2.152=30,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{30,4}{65,4}.100\%\approx46,48\%\)
PTHH :
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(a,m_{Fe}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,C_M=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5M\)
\(c,n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{49.40}{100}}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow n_{FeSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{FeSO_4}=0,2.152=30,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddFeSO_4}=49+\left(0,2.56\right)-0,2.2=59,8\left(g\right)\)( định luật bảo toàn khối lượng )
\(C\%=\dfrac{30,4}{59,8}.100\%\approx50,84\%\)
Bài 10:
- Giả sử có 100 gam dd H2SO4 98%
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.98}{100}=98\left(g\right)\) => \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{98}{98}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{dd.H_2SO_4.98\%}=\dfrac{100}{1,84}=\dfrac{1250}{23}\left(ml\right)=\dfrac{5}{92}\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(dd.H_2SO_4.98\%\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{5}{92}}=18,4M\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=18,4.0,05=0,92\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,92.98=90,16\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{dd.H_2SO_4.10\%}=\dfrac{90,16.100}{10}=901,6\left(g\right)\)
Bài 11:
a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b----->b--------->b----->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 171a = 161b
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)
Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=2.0,15=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ a,m=m_{Zn}=0,15.65=9,75\left(g\right)\\ b,C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,15}=0,2\left(l\right)\\ c,m_{ZnCl_2}=0,15.136=20,4\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1 :
Giả sử thể tích dung dịch H2SO4 là V ml
\(\rightarrow m_{dd}=1,84V\left(g\right)\rightarrow m_{H2SO4}=1,84V.98\%=1,8032\left(V\right)\)
\(\rightarrow n_{H2SO4}=\frac{1,8032V}{98}=0,0184V\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow CM_{H2SO4}=\frac{0,0184V.1000}{V}=18,4M\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=2.2,5=5\left(mol\right)\rightarrow m_{H2SO4}=5.98=490\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{dd_{H2SO4_{Can}}}=\frac{490}{98\%}=500\left(g\right)\)
Vậy V dung dịch H2SO4 cần \(=\frac{500}{1,84}=271,74\left(ml\right)\)
Cho 271,74 ml H2SO4 98% vào dung dịch, sau đó thêm H2O vào đủ 2 lít/
Bài 2:
Gọi số mol Na2O cần là x \(\rightarrow m_{Na2O}=62x\)
\(\rightarrow\) m dung dịch sau khi thêm=62x+84,5 gam
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
\(\rightarrow n_{NaOH_{tao.ra}}=2x\rightarrow m_{NaOH_{tao.ra}}=2x.40=80x\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\) m NaOH trong dung dịch \(=80x+84,5.10\%=80x+8,45\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{NaOH}=\frac{\left(80x+8,45\right)}{\left(62x+84,5\right)}=28,45\%\rightarrow x=0,25\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Na2O}=15,5\left(g\right)\)
Bài 3 :
\(n_{MgCO3}=\frac{16,8}{84}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\frac{200.10,95\%}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
Nên HCl dư
\(n_{CO2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl_{du}}=0,6-0,2.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{Spu}}=16,8+200-0,2.44=208\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\frac{0,2.36,5}{208}.100\%=3,51\%\)
\(C\%_{MgCl2}=\frac{0,2.95}{208}.100\%=9,13\%\)