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\(A=1+3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{102}+3^{103}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(1+3\right)+\left(3^2+3^3\right)+...+\left(3^{102}+3^{103}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(1+3\right)+3^2\left(1+3\right)+...+3^{102}\left(1+3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(1+3\right)\left(1+3^2+...+3^{102}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=4\left(1+3^2+...+3^{102}\right)⋮4\)
ta có: \(\frac{31+32+35}{34}=\frac{31}{34}+\frac{32}{34}+\frac{35}{34}.\)
mà \(\frac{31}{32}>\frac{31}{34};\frac{32}{33}>\frac{32}{34}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{31}{32}+\frac{32}{33}+\frac{35}{34}>\frac{31}{34}+\frac{32}{34}+\frac{35}{34}=\frac{31+32+35}{34}\)
S có 30 số hạng. Nhóm thành 3 nhóm, mỗi nhóm 10 số hạng
\(S=\left(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+...+\frac{1}{40}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{42}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{50}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(S
\(S=\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+...+\frac{1}{60}=\left(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+...+\frac{1}{40}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{50}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+...+\frac{1}{40}>\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+...+\frac{1}{40}=\frac{10}{40}=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{50}>\frac{1}{50}+\frac{1}{50}+...+\frac{1}{50}=\frac{10}{50}=\frac{1}{5}\)
\(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{60}>\frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{60}+...+\frac{1}{60}=\frac{10}{60}\)
\(\Rightarrow S>\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}=\frac{37}{60}>\frac{36}{60}=\frac{3}{5}\) (1)
Lại có: \(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+...+\frac{1}{40}< \frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}+...+\frac{1}{30}=\frac{10}{30}=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{41}+...+\frac{1}{50}< \frac{1}{40}+...+\frac{1}{40}=\frac{10}{40}=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{1}{50}+\frac{1}{50}+...+\frac{1}{50}=\frac{10}{50}=\frac{1}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}=\frac{47}{60}< \frac{48}{60}=\frac{4}{5}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\frac{3}{5}< S< \frac{4}{5}\)
\(A=3^0+3^1+3^2+...+3^{138}\)
\(3\cdot A=3^1+3^2+3^3+...+3^{139}\)
\(A=(3^{139}-3^0):2\)
\(A=\left(3^{139}-1\right):2\)
Đặt A = 1 + 3 + 3² + 3³ + ... + 3¹³⁷ + 3¹³⁸
⇒ 3A = 3 + 3² + 3³ + 3⁴ + ... + 3¹³⁸ + 3¹³⁹
⇒ 2A = 3A - A
= (3 + 3² + 3³ + 3⁴ + ... + 3¹³⁸ + 3¹³⁹) - (1 + 3 + 3² + 3³ + ... + 3¹³⁷ + 3¹³⁸)
= 3¹³⁹ - 1
⇒ A = (3¹³⁹ - 1)/3
⇒ 1 + 3 + 3¹ + 3² + 3³ + ... + 3¹³⁷ + 3¹³⁸
= (3¹³⁹ - 1)/3 + 3
= (3¹³⁹ + 2)/3