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\(A=x^2-8x+19\)
\(=x^2-8x+16+3\)
\(=\left(x-4\right)^2+3\)
Nhận thấy: \(\left(x-4\right)^2\ge0\) ; \(\forall x\)
=> \(\left(x-4\right)^2+3>0\)
hay A luôn dương với mọi giá trị của x
\(a,9x^2+y^2+2z^2-18x+4z-6y+20=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b,5x^2+5y^2+8xy+2y-2x+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(c,5x^2+2y^2+4xy-2x+4y+5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-y\\x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(d,x^2+4y^2+z^2=2x+12y-4z-14\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(e,x^2+y^2-6x+4y+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)
Pt vô nghiệm do ko có 2 bình phương số nguyên có tổng là 11
e: Ta có: \(x^2-6x+y^2+4y+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+9+y^2+4y+4-11=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3 và y=-2
bài 3:
b) \(x^2-2x+5+y^2-4y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1+y^2-4y+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy x=1; y=2
c) \(x^2+4y^2+13-6x-8y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+9+4y^2-8y+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(2y-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\2y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\2y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vây x=3; y=1
Bài 3:
a) \(x\left(x+4\right)-5\left(x-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x-5x+20=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x+20=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}+20=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{79}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{-79}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) ptvn