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Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a_2}{a_1}+\dfrac{b_2}{b_1}+\dfrac{c_2}{c_1}=1\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a_2}{a_1}+\dfrac{b_2}{b_1}+\dfrac{c_2}{c_1}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2_2}{a^2_1}+\dfrac{b_2^2}{b_1^2}+\dfrac{c_2^2}{c_1^2}+2\left(\dfrac{a_2b_2}{a_1b_1}+\dfrac{b_2c_2}{b_1c_1}+\dfrac{c_2a_2}{a_1c_1}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a_2^2}{a^2_1}+\dfrac{b^2_2}{b^2_1}+\dfrac{c^2_2}{c^2_1}+2\left(\dfrac{a_2b_2c_1+b_2c_2a_1+c_2a_2b_1}{a_1b_1c_1}\right)=1\)(1)
Theo giả thiết:
\(\dfrac{a_1}{a_2}+\dfrac{b_1}{b_2}+\dfrac{c_1}{c_2}=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a_1b_2c_2+b_1a_2c_2+c_1a_2b_2}{a_2b_2c_2}=0\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra đpcm
Đặt \(\dfrac{a_1}{a_2}=p;\dfrac{b_1}{b_2}=q;\dfrac{c_1}{c_2}=r\), có:
\(p+q+r=0\) (1)
\(\dfrac{1}{p}+\dfrac{1}{q}+\dfrac{1}{r}=1\) (2)
Từ (2) => \(\dfrac{1}{p^2}+\dfrac{1}{q^2}+\dfrac{1}{r^2}+2\dfrac{p+q+r}{pqr}=1\)
Kết hợp với (1), ta được: \(\dfrac{1}{p^2}+\dfrac{1}{q^2}+\dfrac{1}{r^2}=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2_2}{a^2_1}+\dfrac{b^2_2}{b_1^2}+\dfrac{c_2^2}{c^2_1}=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đặt \(\hept{1\begin{cases}\frac{a_2}{a_1}=x\\\frac{b_2}{b_1}=y\\\frac{c_2}{c_1}=z\end{cases}}\)
Thì bài toán thành
x + y + z = 1(1); \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\left(2\right)\)
Chứng minh x2 + y2 + z2 = 1
Từ (2) ta có \(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=0\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\)
Từ (1) ta có
(x + y + z)2 = 1
<=> x2 + y2 + z2 + 2(xy + yz + zx) = 0
<=> x2 + y2 + z2 = 1
Bài 1:
a) Từ đkđb:
$x+y+z=0\Rightarrow x+y=-z; y+z=-x; z+x=-y$
$\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=0\Rightarrow xbc+yac+zab=0$
$a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a=-(b+c)\Rightarrow a^2=(b+c)^2$
$\Rightarrow a^2x=(b+c)^2x$.
Tương tự: $b^2y=(a+c)^2y; c^2z=(a+b)^2z$
Do đó:
$a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=(b+c)^2x+(a+c)^2y+(a+b)^2z=a^2(y+z)+b^2(z+x)+c^2(x+y)+2(xbc+yac+zab)$
$=a^2(-x)+b^2(-y)+c^2(-z)+2.0=-(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z)$
$\Rightarrow 2(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=0$
$\Rightarrow a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=0$ (đpcm)
b)
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x=by+cz\\ y=ax+cz\\ z=ax+by\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{x+y+z}{2}=ax+by+cz\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} ax=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-x=\frac{y+z-x}{2}\\ by=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-y=\frac{x+z-y}{2}\\ cz=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-z=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}\\ b=\frac{x+z-y}{2y}\\ c=\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a+1=\frac{y+z+x}{2x}\\ b+1=\frac{x+z+y}{2y}\\ c+1=\frac{x+y+z}{2z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}=\frac{2x}{x+y+z}+\frac{2y}{x+y+z}+\frac{2z}{x+y+z}=2\) (đpcm)
Bài 2:
Đặt $\frac{a_2}{a_1}=x; \frac{b_2}{b_1}=y; \frac{c_2}{c_1}=z$
Khi đó bài toán trở thành: Cho $x,y,z\neq 0$ thỏa mãn \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
CMR: $x^2+y^2+z^2=1$
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Thật vậy:
Ta có: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} xy+yz+xz=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó: $x^2+y^2+z^2=(x+y+z)^2-2(xy+yz+xz)=1^2-2.0=1$ (đpcm)
Vậy........
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{2b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{2c^2}{a^2}=\dfrac{2a}{c}+\dfrac{2c}{b}+\dfrac{2b}{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}-\dfrac{2a}{c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}-\dfrac{2c}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}-\dfrac{2b}{a}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b}-\dfrac{b}{c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}-\dfrac{c}{a}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}-\dfrac{c}{a}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b}-\dfrac{b}{c}=0\\\dfrac{a}{b}-\dfrac{c}{a}=0\\\dfrac{b}{c}-\dfrac{c}{a}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{a}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
1. Ta có \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)=a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\left(b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}\right)+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\left(c+a\right)\left(\dfrac{b}{c+a}\right)+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)=a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+a+b+c=a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}=0\) (đpcm).
2. Ta có: \(\dfrac{a_1}{a_2}+\dfrac{b_1}{b_2}+\dfrac{c_1}{c_2}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a_1b_2c_2+b_1a_2c_2+c_1a_2b_2}{a_2b_2c_2}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a_1b_2c_2+b_1a_2c_2+c_1a_2b_2=0\)
Lại có: \(\dfrac{a_2}{a_1}+\dfrac{b_2}{b_1}+\dfrac{c_2}{c_1}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a_2}{a_1}+\dfrac{b_2}{b_1}+\dfrac{c_2}{c_1}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a_2^2}{a_1^2}+\dfrac{b_2^2}{b_1^2}+\dfrac{c_2^2}{c_1^2}+2\left(\dfrac{a_2b_2}{a_1b_1}+\dfrac{b_2c_2}{b_1c_1}+\dfrac{a_2c_2}{a_1c_1}\right)=1\)
Mặt khác: \(\dfrac{a_2b_2}{a_1b_1}+\dfrac{b_2c_2}{b_1c_1}+\dfrac{a_2c_2}{a_1c_1}=\dfrac{a_1b_2c_2+b_1a_2c_2+c_1a_2b_2}{a_1b_1c_1}=0\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{a_2^2}{a_1^2}+\dfrac{b_2^2}{b_1^2}+\dfrac{c_2^2}{c_1^2}=1\) (đpcm)