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Ta có:
Ca(NO3)2 có: \(\%N=\dfrac{14.2}{40+14.2+16.6}\approx17,07\%\)
NH4NO3 có : \(\%N=\dfrac{14.2}{14+4+14+16.3}=35\%\)
Nếu dùng Ca(NO3)2 : \(m_{Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{56}{17,07\%}=328\left(kg\right)\rightarrow m_A=\dfrac{328}{82\%\%2}=400\left(kg\right)\)
Nếu dùng NH4NO3: \(m_{NH_4NO_3}=\dfrac{56}{35\%}=160\left(kg\right)\rightarrow m_B=\dfrac{160}{80\%}=200\left(kg\right)\)
-> Mua phân B sẽ tốn ít công vận chuyển hơn vì nhẹ hơn ( 200 kg < 400 kg )
Ta có:
Ca(NO3)2 có %N=14x2/(40+14x2+16x6)≈17,07%
NH4NO3 có %N=14x2/(14+4+14+16x3)=35%
Nếu dùng Ca(NO3)2
mCa(NO3)2=56/17,07%=328 kg -> m A=328/82%=400kg
Nếu dùng NH4NO3
-> mNH4NO3=56/35%=160 kg -> mB=160/80%=200kg
-> mua phana B sẽ ít hơn đỡ tốn công vận chuyển hơn (400>200)
vừa đủ thì dễ rồi
PTHH : \(CaS+2HBr-->CaBr_2+H_2S\uparrow\)
\(n_{H_2S}=\frac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pthh : \(n_{CaS}=n_{H_2S}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HBr}=2n_{H_2S}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CaBr_2}=n_{H_2S}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}m_{CaS}=0,03\cdot72=2,16\left(g\right)=m\\m_{ddHBr}=\frac{0,06\cdot81}{9,72}\cdot100=50\left(g\right)=m_1\end{cases}}\)
Theo ĐLBTKL :
\(m_{CaS}+m_{ddHBr}=m_{ddCaBr_2}+m_{H_2S}\)
=> \(2,16+50=m_{ddCaBr_2}+0,03\cdot34\)
=> \(m_{ddCaBr_2}=51,14\left(g\right)=m_2\)
=> \(C\%_{ddCaBr_2}=\frac{0,03\cdot200}{51,14}\cdot100\%\approx11,73\%\)
=> \(x\approx11,73\)
dễ nhưng vẫn nên check lại ...
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot36,5}{14,6\%}=100\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
PTHH: \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KOH}=\dfrac{100\cdot11,2\%}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{150\cdot9,8\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) H2SO4 còn dư, KOH p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot174=17,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\cdot98=4,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddKOH}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}=250\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{17,4}{250}\cdot100\%=6,96\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{4,9}{250}\cdot100\%=1,96\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{4.6}{23}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
\(0.2......................0.2.......0.1\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.1\cdot22.4=2.24\left(l\right)\)
Dung dịch X : NaOH
\(m_{dd_X}=4.6+200-0.1\cdot2=204.4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot40}{204.4}\cdot100\%=3.9\%\%\)
Câu 1:
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{16,25}{65}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.24,79=6,1975\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{10\%}=182,5\left(g\right)\)
d, \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.136}{16,25+182,5-0,25.2}.100\%\approx17,15\%\)
Câu 2:
a, \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
c, \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
d, \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,25}=2\left(M\right)\)
a)
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
$2Al +3 H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
$Zn + 4HNO_3 \to Zn(NO_3)_2 + 2NO_2 + 2H_2O$
$Al + 6HNO_3 \to Al(NO_3)_3 + 3NO_2 + 3H_2O$
b)
n H2 = 10,08/22,4 = 0,45(mol)
n NO2 = 20,16/22,4 = 0,9(mol)
Gọi n Zn = a(mol) ; n Al = b(mol)
Ta có :
a + 1,5b = 0,45
2a + 3b = 0,9
Suy ra : vô số nghiệm (a ;b) thỏa mãn
1/
a)
\(n_{Ba}=\frac{27,4}{137}=0,2mol\); \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{9,8}{98}=0,1mol\)
PTHH: \(Ba+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+H_2\uparrow\)
Trước pư: \(0,2\) \(0,1\) \(\left(mol\right)\)
Pư: \(0,1\) \(0,1\) \(0,1\) \(0,1\) \(\left(mol\right)\)
Sau pư: \(0,1\) \(0\) \(0,1\) \(0,1\) \(\left(mol\right)\)
Sau pư còn dư 0,1mol Ba nên Ba tiếp tục pư với H2O trong dd:
\(Ba+2H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\uparrow\)
\(0,1\) \(0,1\) \(0,1\) \(\left(mol\right)\)
Tổng số mol H2 sau 2 pư : \(n_{H_2}=0,1+0,1=0,2mol\)
Thể tích khí thu được: \(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\)
b)
Dd thu được sau pư là dd \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(m_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1.171=17,1g\)
\(m_{dd}=27,4+100-m_{BaSO_4}-m_{H_2}\)\(=27,4+100-0,1.233-0,2.2=103,7g\)
\(C\%_{ddBa\left(OH\right)_2}=\frac{17,1}{103,7}.100\%\approx16,49\%\)
2/
\(n_{H_2S}=\frac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03mol\)
\(CaS+2HBr\rightarrow CaBr_2+H_2S\uparrow\)
Theo pt:
\(n_{CaS}=n_{CaBr_2}=n_{H_2S}=0,03mol\) ; \(n_{HBr}=0,06mol;\)\(m_{HBr}=0,06.81=4,86g\)
\(m=m_{CaS}=0,03.72=2,16g;\)\(m_{CaBr_2}=0,03.200=6g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_1=\frac{4,86.100}{9,72}=50g\)
Áp dụng ĐLBTKL:
\(m_2=m_{ddCaBr_2}=50+2,16-34.0,03=51,14g\)
\(x=C\%_{CaBr_2}=\frac{6.100}{51,14}\approx11,73\%\)