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\(1,n_{HF}=\dfrac{2,5.40\%}{100\%.20}=0,05(kmol)\\ PTHH:CaF_2+H_2SO_4\to CaSO_4+2HF\\ \Rightarrow n_{CaF_2}=0,025(kmol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CaF_2}=0,025.78=1,95(kg)\\ 2,\text {Đặt }\begin{cases} n_{Fe}=x(mol)\\ n_{Al}=y(mol) \end{cases} \Rightarrow 56x+27y=11(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow \begin{cases} x=0,1(mol)\\ y=0,2(mol) \end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}.100\%=50,91\%\\ \%_{Al}=100\%-50,91\%=49,09\% \end{cases}\)
\(b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=0,2+0,6=0,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4(l)\)
\(Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=10,2\\x+1,5y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{10,2}.100=47,06\%\\ \%m_{Al}=52,94\%\\ n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+3n_{Al}=0,2.2+0,3.2=1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)\)
\(c,n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Mg}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+24y=10,2(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=0,5(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{10,2}.100\%=52,94\%\\ \%_{Mg}=100\%-52,94\%=47,06\%\\ d,\Sigma n_{HCl}=3x+2y=1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5(l)\)
Câu 5:
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{1120}{22,4}=50(mol)\\ PTHH:2KMnO_4+16HCl\to 2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2\uparrow+8H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{2}{5}n_{Cl_2}=20(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=20.158=3160(g)\)
Câu 6:
Đặt \(n_{Mg}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 24x+27y=10,2(1)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,5(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{10,2}.100\%=52,94\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=100\%-52,94\%=47,06\%\\ b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=3y+2x=1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5(l)\)
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=56a+27b=11\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=a+1.5b=0.4\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.1,b=0.2\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.1\cdot56}{11}\cdot100\%=50.91\%\)
\(\%Al=49.09\%\)
Đặt: nAl= x (mol) ; nZn= y (mol)
2Al + 6H2SO4(đ) \(\rightarrow\) Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
Zn + 2H2SO4(đ) \(\rightarrow\) ZnSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
Ta có : mhh= 27x + 65y= 11,9g (1)
nSO2= \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)x + y =\(\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}\)=0,4 (mol) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => x=0,2 ; y=0,1
=> %Al= \(\dfrac{0,2.27}{11,9}.100\)=45,37%
%Zn=100- 45.37= 54,63%
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Zn} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 56a + 65b = 1,77(1)$
$n_{NO_2} = \dfrac{1,792}{22,4} = 0,08(mol)$
Bảo toàn electron :
$3n_{Fe} + 2n_{Zn} = n_{NO_2} \Rightarrow 3a + 2b = 0,08(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra: a = 0,02 ; b = 0,01
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,02.56}{1,77}.100\% = 63,3\%$
$\%m_{Zn} =100\% - 63,3\% = 36,7\%$
Bài 2:
\(m_{HF}=\dfrac{2,5.40\%}{100\%}=1(kg)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HF}=\dfrac{1}{20}=0,05(kmol)\\ PTHH:CaF+H_2SO_4\to CaSO_4+2HF\\ \Rightarrow n_{CaF}=0,025(kmol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CaF}=0,025.78=1,95(kg)\)
Bài 3:
\(a,\) Đặt \(\begin{cases} n_{Fe}=x(mol)\\ n_{Al}=y(mol) \end{cases} \)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} 56x+27y=11\\ x+1,5y=0,4 \end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases} x=0,1(mol)\\ y=0,2(mol) \end{cases}\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}.100\%=50,91\%\\ \%_{Al}=100\%-50,91\%=49,09\% \end{cases} \)
\(b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+2n_{Fe}=0,2+0,6=0,7(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,7}{2}=0,35(l)\)