Cho hai số thực x,y thỏa mãn: 9 x 3 + ( 2 - y 3 x y - 5 ) x + 3 x y - 5 = 0 . Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của P = x 3 + y 3 + 6 x y + 3 ( 3 x 2 + 1 ) ( x + y - 2 )
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x^2+y^2=(x+y)^2-2xy
=5^2-2*3
=25-6
=19
x^3+y^3=(x+y)^3-3xy(x+y)
=5^3-3*3*5
=125-9*5
=80
(x-y)^2=(x+y)^2-4xy=5^2-4*3=13
=>\(x-y=\sqrt{13}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^3}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^3}{x^2}+2020=\dfrac{x^5+y^5}{\left(xy\right)^2}+2020=\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)-\left(xy\right)^2\left(x+y\right)}{\left(-2\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left[\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)\right]\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\right]-\left(-2\right)^2.5}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(-8+6.5\right)\left(25+4\right)-20}{4}=...\)
`x+y=3`
`<=>(x+y)^3=9`
`<=>x^2+2xy+y^2=9`
`<=>2xy+5=9`
`<=>2xy=4`
`<=>xy=2`
`<=>x^2-xy+y^2=3`
`=>M=(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)`
`=3.3`
`=9`
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-4=a\\y-3=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=5\)
\(Q=\sqrt{\left(a+5\right)^2+b^2}+\sqrt{\left(a+3\right)^2+\left(b+4\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\le\sqrt{2\left[\left(a+5\right)^2+b^2+\left(a+3\right)^2+\left(b+4\right)^2\right]}\) (Bunhiacopxki)
\(\Rightarrow Q\le\sqrt{4\left(a^2+8a+b^2+4b+25\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\le\sqrt{4\left(a^2+2.4a+b^2+2.2b+25\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\le\sqrt{4\left(a^2+2\left(a^2+4\right)+b^2+2\left(b^2+1\right)+25\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\le\sqrt{4\left(3a^2+3b^2+35\right)}\le\sqrt{4\left(3.5+35\right)}=10\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\left(x+y\right)^2=x^2+2xy+y^2\) \(\Rightarrow5^2=x^2+y^2-4\)(vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=5\\xy=-2\end{cases}}\)) \(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2=29\)
Mặt khác \(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)=5\left(29+4\right)=165\)(vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=5\left(đề\right)\\xy=-2\left(đề\right)\\x^2+y^2=29\left(cmt\right)\end{cases}}\))
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3=165\)(ý thứ nhất)
Ta có \(xy=-2\Rightarrow x^2y^2=4\); \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=5\\xy=-2\end{cases}}\Rightarrow xy\left(x+y\right)=5.\left(-2\right)\Rightarrow x^3y+xy^3=-10\Rightarrow-\left(x^3y+xy^3\right)=10\)
Lại có \(\left(x+y\right)^4=x^4+4x^3y+6x^2y^2+4xy^3+y^4\)\(\Rightarrow5^4=x^4+y^4+4\left(x^3y+xy^3\right)+6.4\)( bởi lẽ \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=5\left(đề\right)\\x^2y^2=4\left(cmt\right)\end{cases}}\))
\(\Rightarrow625=x^4+y^4+4.\left(-10\right)+24\)(vì \(x^3y+xy^3=-10\left(cmt\right)\))\(\Rightarrow x^4+y^4=625-24+40=641\)
Mặt khác nữa, ta có \(x^5+y^5=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^4-x^3y+x^2y^2-xy^3+y^4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^5+y^5=5.\left[\left(x^4+y^4\right)-\left(x^3y+xy^3\right)+x^2y^2\right]\)(vì \(x+y=5\left(đề\right)\))
\(\Rightarrow x^5+y^5=5\left(641+10+4\right)=3275\)(vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^4+y^4=641\left(cmt\right)\\-\left(x^3y+xy^3\right)=10\left(cmt\right)\\x^2y^2=4\left(cmt\right)\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(x^5+y^5=3275\)(ý thứ hai)
Từ giả thiết ta có:
\(x+y=3\left(\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{y+2}\right)\le3\sqrt{2\left(x+y+3\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le3\sqrt{2\left(P+3\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}P\ge0\\18P+54\ge P^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}P\ge0\\P^2-18P-54\le0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\le P\le9+3\sqrt{15}\)
\(\Rightarrow maxP=9+3\sqrt{15}\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{10+3\sqrt{15}}{2};\dfrac{8+3\sqrt{15}}{2}\right)\)
Do \(x^2+y^2+z^2=1\Rightarrow x^2< 1\Rightarrow x< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow x^5< x^2\)
Tương tự ta có: \(y< 1\Rightarrow y^6< y^2\); \(z< 1\Rightarrow z^7< z^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x^5+y^6+z^7< x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x^5+y^6+z^7< 1\)
Đáp án đúng : B