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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(2=a+b=\frac{a}{2}+\frac{a}{2}+b\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2b}{4}}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{2}{3}\geq \sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2b}{4}}\Rightarrow \frac{8}{27}\geq \frac{a^2b}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b\leq \frac{32}{27}\Leftrightarrow P\leq \frac{32}{27}\)
Vậy $P_{\max}=\frac{32}{27}$. Giá trị này đạt tại $\frac{a}{2}=b=\frac{2}{3}$
\(P=log_{\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b}}a+log_{\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b}}\sqrt[3]{b}=log_{\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b}}a+\dfrac{1}{3}log_{\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b}}b\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{log_a\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b}}+\dfrac{1}{3.log_b\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b}}=\dfrac{1}{log_a\sqrt{a}-log_ab}+\dfrac{1}{3\left(log_b\sqrt{a}-log_bb\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{2}-2}+\dfrac{1}{3\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-1\right)}=-\dfrac{10}{9}\)
\(P=3log_{a^2b}a-\dfrac{3}{4}log_a2.log_2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{log_a\left(a^2b\right)}-\dfrac{3}{4.log_2a}.\left(log_2a-log_2b\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{log_aa^2+log_ab}-\dfrac{3}{4.log_2a}.log_2a+\dfrac{3}{4}.\dfrac{log_2b}{log_2a}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{2+3}-\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}.log_ab=\dfrac{3}{5}-\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{9}{4}=\dfrac{21}{10}\)
Ta có:
\(\left(b-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) <=> \(b^2-b+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge0\) <=>\(b-\dfrac{1}{4}\le b^2\)
Mà :
a<1 => \(log_a\left(b-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\ge log_ab^2=2log_ab\)
P=\(log_a\left(b-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}log_{\dfrac{a}{b}}b=log_a\left(b-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{log_ab}{1-log_ab}\ge2log_ab-\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{log_ab}{1-log_ab}\)
Đặt t=logab
Do b<a<1 => t=logab >1
Khi đó \(P\ge2t+\dfrac{t}{2t-2}=f\left(t\right)\). Khảo sát f(t) trên (1;+\(\infty\)) ta đc
P\(\ge\)f(t) \(\ge\) f\(\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\) = \(\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{log_a\dfrac{a}{b}}+log_bb-log_ba=\dfrac{1}{1-log_ab}+1-log_ba\)
\(=\dfrac{log_ba}{log_ba-1}+1-log_ba\)
Đặt \(log_ba=x\Rightarrow x\ge2\)
\(P=f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{x}{x-1}+1-x\)
\(f'\left(x\right)=\dfrac{-1}{\left(x-1\right)^2}-1< 0\) \(\Rightarrow\) hàm nghịch biến
\(\Rightarrow P\) chỉ tồn tại max (tại \(x=2\)), ko tồn tại min
Đề sai
\(log_{a^2}\left(\dfrac{a^3}{\sqrt[5]{b^3}}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}log_a\left(\dfrac{a^3}{\sqrt[5]{b^3}}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[log_aa^3-log_a\sqrt[5]{b^3}\right]=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(3-\dfrac{3}{5}log_ab\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(3-\dfrac{3}{5}log_ab\right)=3\)
\(\Rightarrow log_ab=-5\)
Đặt \(log_9a=log_{12}b=log_{15}\left(a+b\right)=t\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=9^t\\b=12^t\\a+b=15^t\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow9^t+12^t=15^t\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^t+\left(\dfrac{4}{5}\right)^t=1\)
Hàm \(f\left(t\right)=\left(\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^t+\left(\dfrac{4}{5}\right)^t\) có \(f'\left(t\right)=\left(\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^tln\left(\dfrac{3}{5}\right)+\left(\dfrac{4}{5}\right)^t.ln\left(\dfrac{4}{5}\right)< 0\Rightarrow\) nghịch biến trên R
\(\Rightarrow f\left(t\right)\) có tối đa 1 nghiệm \(\Rightarrow t=2\) là nghiệm duy nhất
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2=\dfrac{9}{16}\)