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2a) \(4x^2-1=\left(2x\right)^2-1^2=\left(2x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)\)
b) \(x^2+16x+64=\left(x+8\right)^2\)
c) \(x^3-8y^3=x^3-\left(2y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x^2+2xy+4y^2\right)\)
d) \(9x^2-12xy+4y^2=\left(3x-2y\right)^2\)
a) Đặt \(A=x^2-2x+1\)
Ta có: \(A=x^2-2x+1=\left(x-1\right)^2\)
Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=1\)
b) Ta có: \(M=x^2-3x+10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\left(x^2-3x+\frac{9}{4}\right)+\frac{31}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{31}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{31}{4}\ge\frac{31}{4}\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(M_{min}=\frac{31}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x-\frac{3}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(M_{min}=\frac{31}{4}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
1)P(x)=4x-x2+1=-(x2-4x+4)+5=-(x-2)2+5
Do (x-2)2>0
=>-(x-2)2<0
=>P(x)=-(x-2)2+5<5
=>Max P=5<=>(x-2)2=0<=>x=2
2)A(x)=x2-4x+y2-8y+6=(x2-4x+4)+(y2-8y+16)-14
=(x-2)2+(y-4)2-14
Do (x-2)2>0
(y-4)2>0
=>(x-2)2+(y-4)2>0
=>A(x)=(x-2)2+(y-4)2-14>-14
=>Min A=-14<=>(x-2)2=0 và (y-4)2=0<=>x=2 và y=4
P(x) = 4x - x^2 + 1
= - ( x^2 - 4x + 10)
= -( x^2 - 2.x.2 + 4 + 6)
= -( x- 2 )^2 - 6
Vậy GTLN của p là -6 tại x - 2 = 0 => x = 2
VẬy x = 2 thì ....
B2)
A(x) = x^2 - 4x + y^2 - 8y + 6
= x^2 - 2.x . 2 + 4 + y^2 - 2.y.4 + 16 - 14
=( x - 2)^2 + (y - 4)^2 - 14
VẬy GTNN của bt là -14
khi x - 2 = 0 => x = 2
y - 4= 0 => y=4
B3:\(\Rightarrow90.10^n-10^n.10^2+10^n.10-20\Rightarrow10^n.\left(90-10^2\right)+10^n.10-20\)
\(\Rightarrow10^n.\left(90-100\right)+10^n.10-20\Rightarrow-10.10^n+10^n.10-20\Rightarrow-20\)
\(A=-\left(x^2-x+5\right)=-\left(x^2-2.\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{19}{4}\right)=-\left[\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{19}{4}\right]\)
\(=-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{19}{4}\le-\frac{19}{4}\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=-\frac{19}{4}\Leftrightarrow x-\frac{1}{2}=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(100^2-99^2+98^2-97^2+...+2^2-1^2\)
\(=\left(100^2-99^2\right)+\left(98^2-97^2\right)+...+\left(2^2-1^2\right)\)
\(=\left(100-99\right)\left(100+99\right)+\left(98-97\right)\left(98+97\right)+...+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\)
\(=199+195+191+....+3\)
\(=5050\)
a) \(A=4x^2-12x+100=\left(2x\right)^2-12x+3^2+91=\left(2x-3\right)^2+91\)
Ta có: \(\left(2x-3\right)^2\ge0\forall x\inℤ\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-3\right)^2+91\ge91\)
hay A \(\ge91\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left(2x-3\right)^2=0\)
<=> 2x-3=0
<=> 2x=3
<=> \(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy Min A=91 đạt được khi \(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
b) \(B=-x^2-x+1=-\left(x^2+x-1\right)=-\left(x^2+x+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{5}{4}\right)=-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\)
Ta có: \(-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\le\frac{5}{4}\) hay B\(\le\frac{5}{4}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
Vậy Max B=\(\frac{5}{4}\)đạt được khi \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
\(C=2x^2+2xy+y^2-2x+2y+2\)
\(C=x^2+2x\left(y-1\right)+\left(y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow C=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\)
Ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\inℤ\\x^2\ge0\forall x\inℤ\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\ge1\)
hay C\(\ge\)1
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y-1\right)^2=0\\x^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=1\\x=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}y=1\\x=0\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy Min C=1 đạt được khi y=1 và x=0
Bài 1 :
\(S=100^2-99^2+98^2-97^2+.....+2^2-1^2\)
\(=\left(100^2-99^2\right)+\left(98^2-97^2\right)+....+\left(2^2-1^2\right)\)
\(=\left(100-99\right)\left(100+99\right)+\left(98-97\right)\left(98+97\right)+...+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\)
\(=1.\left(100+99\right)+1.\left(98+97\right)+...+1.\left(2+1\right)\)
\(=100+99+98+97+....+2+1\)
\(=\frac{100\left(100+1\right)}{2}=5050\)
Bài 2 :
\(x^2-4x+y^2-8y+6\)
\(=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2-8y+16\right)-14\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2-14\ge-14\) có GTNN là - 14
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = 2 ; y = 4
Vậy ...............
(1981 x 1982 - 990) : (1980 x 1982 + 992)
=(1980 x 1982+1982 -990) : (1980 x 1982 +992)
=(1980 x 1982 + 992) : ( 1980 x 1982 + 992)
=1