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Lời giải:
\(A=\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{48}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{49}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{48}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{49}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+..+\frac{1}{24}-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{49}\right)\)
\(=1-\left(\frac{1}{25}+\frac{1}{26}+...+\frac{1}{49}\right)\)
Chứng minh vế đầu:
Ta thấy:
\(\frac{1}{25}+\frac{1}{26}+...+\frac{1}{49}> \frac{1}{49}+\frac{1}{49}+...+\frac{1}{49}=\frac{25}{49}>\frac{25}{50}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=1-\left(\frac{1}{25}+\frac{1}{26}+...+\frac{1}{49}\right)< 1-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
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Vế sau sai, tính cụ thể thì $A< \frac{2}{5}$
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\right)}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\right)}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\right)}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\right)\)
=1
\(\frac{5\sqrt{7}-7\sqrt{5}+2\sqrt{70}}{\sqrt{35}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{35}.(5\sqrt{7}-7\sqrt{5}+2\sqrt{70})}{\sqrt{35}.\sqrt{35}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{35}.(5\sqrt{7}-7\sqrt{5}+2\sqrt{70})}{35}\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{4}{3}}+\sqrt{12}-\frac{4}{3}\sqrt{\frac{3}{4}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{4}}{\sqrt{3}}+\sqrt{12}-\frac{4}{3}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{4}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}.\sqrt{3}}+\sqrt{12}-\frac{4}{3}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}+2\sqrt{3}-\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
\(=2\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{1}{3}+1-\frac{1}{3}\right)\)
\(=2\sqrt{3}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cosi ta có
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}\ge\frac{3}{a^2b}\); \(\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\ge\frac{3}{b^2c}\); \(\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}\ge\frac{3}{c^2d}\)
\(\frac{1}{d^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}\ge\frac{3}{d^2a}\)
Cộng các BĐt trên ta có
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}\ge\frac{1}{a^2b}+\frac{1}{b^2c}+\frac{1}{c^2d}+\frac{1}{d^2a}\)(1)
Áp dụng BĐT buniacoxki ta có
\(\left(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{b^2}{c^5}+\frac{c^2}{d^5}+\frac{d^2}{a^5}\right)\left(\frac{1}{a^2b}+\frac{1}{b^2c}+\frac{1}{c^2d}+\frac{1}{d^2a}\right)\ge \left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}\right)^2\)
Kết hợp với (1) ta được ĐPCM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
Khi \(n=1\to A=\frac{1}{5S_1^2}=\frac{5}{36}S_{k-1}\to S^2_k>S_k\cdot S_{k-1}\).
Vậy ta có \(\frac{1}{5^kS_k^2}