Tính các giới hạn sau: (2 điểm)
a. $\underset{x\to 1}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{{{x}^{3}}+2x-3}{{{x}^{2}}-x}$;
b. $\underset{x\to 1}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{\sqrt{2x+2}-\sqrt{3x+1}}{x-1}$.
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QT
Quoc Tran Anh Le
Giáo viên
22 tháng 9 2023
a) Đặt \(f\left( x \right) = 2{x^2} - x\).
Hàm số \(y = f\left( x \right)\) xác định trên \(\mathbb{R}\).
Giả sử \(\left( {{x_n}} \right)\) là dãy số bất kì thỏa mãn \({x_n} \to 3\) khi \(n \to + \infty \). Ta có:
\(\lim f\left( {{x_n}} \right) = \lim \left( {2x_n^2 - {x_n}} \right) = 2.\lim x_n^2 - \lim {x_n} = {2.3^2} - 3 = 15\).
Vậy \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 3} \left( {2{x^2} - x} \right) = 15\).
b) Đặt \(f\left( x \right) = \frac{{{x^2} + 2x + 1}}{{x + 1}}\).
Hàm số \(y = f\left( x \right)\) xác định trên \(\mathbb{R}\).
Giả sử \(\left( {{x_n}} \right)\) là dãy số bất kì thỏa mãn \({x_n} \to - 1\) khi \(n \to + \infty \). Ta có:
\(\lim f\left( {{x_n}} \right) = \lim \frac{{x_n^2 + 2{x_n} + 1}}{{{x_n} + 1}} = \lim \frac{{{{\left( {{x_n} + 1} \right)}^2}}}{{{x_n} + 1}} = \lim \left( {{x_n} + 1} \right) = \lim {x_n} + 1 = - 1 + 1 = 0\).
Vậy \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} \frac{{{x^2} + 2x + 1}}{{x + 1}} = 0\).
23 tháng 7 2023
a: \(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\dfrac{4+\dfrac{3}{x}}{2}=\dfrac{4}{2}=2\)
b: \(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{x}}{3+\dfrac{1}{x}}=0\)
c: \(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\dfrac{\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}}{1+\dfrac{1}{x}}=1\)
QT
Quoc Tran Anh Le
Giáo viên
22 tháng 9 2023
a) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{{1 - 3{x^2}}}{{{x^2} + 2x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{{{x^2}\left( {\frac{1}{{{x^2}}} - 3} \right)}}{{{x^2}\left( {1 + \frac{{2x}}{{{x^2}}}} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{{\frac{1}{{{x^2}}} - 3}}{{1 + \frac{2}{x}}} = \frac{{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{1}{{{x^2}}} - \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } 3}}{{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } 1 + \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{2}{x}}} = \frac{{0 - 3}}{{1 + 0}} = - 3\)
b) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{2}{{x + 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{2}{{x\left( {1 + \frac{1}{x}} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{1}{x}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{2}{{1 + \frac{1}{x}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{1}{x}.\frac{{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } 2}}{{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } 1 + \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{1}{x}}} = 0.\frac{2}{{1 + 0}} = 0\).
HQ
Hà Quang Minh
Giáo viên
22 tháng 9 2023
a) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} \left( {{x^2} - 4x + 3} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} {x^2} - \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} \left( {4x} \right) + 3 = {2^2} - 4.2 + 3 = - 1\)
b) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 3} \frac{{{x^2} - 5x + 6}}{{x - 3}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 3} \frac{{\left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {x - 2} \right)}}{{x - 3}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 3} \left( {x - 2} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 3} x - 2 = 3 - 2 = 1\)
c) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{\sqrt x - 1}}{{x - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{\sqrt x - 1}}{{\left( {\sqrt x - 1} \right)\left( {\sqrt x + 1} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{1}{{\sqrt x + 1}} = \frac{1}{{\sqrt 1 + 1}} = \frac{1}{2}\)
HQ
Hà Quang Minh
Giáo viên
22 tháng 9 2023
a) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{{9x + 1}}{{3x - 4}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{{x\left( {9 + \frac{1}{x}} \right)}}{{x\left( {3 - \frac{4}{x}} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{{9 + \frac{1}{x}}}{{3 - \frac{4}{x}}} = \frac{{9 + 0}}{{3 - 0}} = 3\)
b) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{7x - 11}}{{2x + 3}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{x\left( {7 - \frac{{11}}{x}} \right)}}{{x\left( {2 + \frac{3}{x}} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{7 - \frac{{11}}{x}}}{{2 + \frac{3}{x}}} = \frac{{7 - 0}}{{2 + 0}} = \frac{7}{2}\)
c) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{{\sqrt {{x^2} + 1} }}{x} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{{x\sqrt {1 + \frac{1}{{{x^2}}}} }}{x} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \sqrt {1 + \frac{1}{{{x^2}}}} = \sqrt {1 + 0} = 1\)
HQ
Hà Quang Minh
Giáo viên
22 tháng 9 2023
d) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{\sqrt {{x^2} + 1} }}{x} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{ - x\sqrt {1 + \frac{1}{{{x^2}}}} }}{x} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } - \sqrt {1 + \frac{1}{{{x^2}}}} = - \sqrt {1 + 0} = - 1\)
e) Ta có: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}1 > 0\\x - 6 < 0,x \to {6^ - }\end{array} \right.\)
Do đó, \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {6^ - }} \frac{1}{{x - 6}} = - \infty \)
g) Ta có: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}1 > 0\\x + 7 > 0,x \to {7^ + }\end{array} \right.\)
Do đó, \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {7^ + }} \frac{1}{{x - 7}} = + \infty \)
22 tháng 9 2023
a: \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}x^2-7x+4=\left(-2\right)^2-7\cdot\left(-2\right)+4=22\)
b: \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3}\dfrac{x-3}{x^2-9}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3}\dfrac{1}{x+3}=\dfrac{1}{3+3}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
c: \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{3-\sqrt{x+8}}{x-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{9-x-8}{3+\sqrt{x+8}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{x-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{-1}{3+\sqrt{x+8}}\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(lim_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^3+2x-3}{x^2-x}\)
\(=lim_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+3\right)}{x\left(x-1\right)}\)
\(=lim_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^2+x+3}{x}\)
\(=\frac{1^2+1+3}{1}\)
\(=5\)
\(lim_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\sqrt{2x+2}-\sqrt{3x+1}}{x-1}\)
\(=lim_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(2x+2\right)-\left(3x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x+2}+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}\)
\(=lim_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{2x+2-3x-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x+2}+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}\)
\(=lim_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{-x+1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x+2}+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}\)
\(=lim_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{-1\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x+2}+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}\)
\(=lim_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2x+2}+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2\cdot1+2}+\sqrt{3\cdot1+1}}\)
\(=\frac{-1}{2+2}=\frac{-1}{4}\)
Võ Ngọc Tú Uyên-41