Tìm 10 cách chứng mình BĐT Nesbit
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
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\(A=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
=> \(A+3=\frac{a}{b+c}+1+\frac{b}{c+a}+1+\frac{c}{a+b}+1\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\right]\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{2}.3\sqrt[3]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a+b}.\frac{1}{b+c}.\frac{1}{c+a}}=\frac{9}{2}\) (AM - GM)
=> \(A\ge\frac{9}{2}-3=\frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Đặt \(A=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(A=\frac{a^2}{ba+ca}+\frac{b^2}{cb+ba}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-schwarz ta có:
\(A=\frac{a^2}{ba+ca}+\frac{b^2}{cb+ba}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2.\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Ta c/m BĐT phụ \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}.\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)( tự c/m)
Áp dụng:
\(A\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2.\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{1}{\frac{2}{3}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
đpcm
Tham khảo nhé~
Đây nhé
Đặt b + c = x ; c + a = y ; a + b = z
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=2c+b+a=2c+z\\y+z=2a+b+c=2a+x\\x+z=2b+a+c=2b+y\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+y-z}{2}=c;\frac{y+z-x}{2}=a;\frac{x+z-y}{2}=b\)
Thay vào PT đã cho ở đề bài , ta có :
\(\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+\frac{x+z-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}-3\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(2+2+2-3\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
( cái này cô - si cho x/y + /x ; x/z + z/x ; y/z + z/y)
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
<=> \(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b+c}{c+a}+\frac{a+b+c}{a+b}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
<=> \(2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\)
<=> \(\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\)
<=> \(\frac{a+b}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{c+a}+1+1+\frac{b+c}{c+a}+\frac{b+c}{a+b}+\frac{c+a}{b+c}+1+\frac{c+a}{a+b}\ge9\)
<=> \(\left(\frac{a+b}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{a+b}{c+a}+\frac{c+a}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{b+c}{c+a}+\frac{c+a}{b+c}\right)\ge6\)(đúng)
=> ĐPCM
Mình làm cách đơn giản nhất nhá :))
Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}+3=\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c+a}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a+b}+1\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge\frac{9\left(a+b+c\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{9}{2}\left(Cauchy-Schwarz\right)\)
Hay \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}+3\ge\frac{9}{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
:33 Phương pháp SOS e chưa học và đọc :)) E làm các pp khác nhá anh :33
Cách 1 :Đặt : \(A=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Cách 2 : ( Kĩ thuật điểm rơi ) : Cộng 3 vào hai vế của BĐT rồi sử dụng AM - GM
Cách 3 : Nhân cả hai vế của BĐT với a+b+c
Cách 4 : Kĩ thuật đặt ẩn phụ ( Đặt a+b=x, b+c=y,c+a=z )
Giả sử \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}+\frac{3}{2}\)
\(< =>\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}=\frac{6}{2}=3\)(bđt nesbitt)
Giờ ta chỉ cần chỉ ra được \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge3\) thì bài toán được hoàn tất chứng minh
Thật vậy , theo BĐT Cauchy ta có \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{a}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{abc}}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c\)
Vậy bài toán đã được hoàn tất chứng minh
p/s : tí mình sẽ chứng minh bđt nesbitt ở dưới nhé
BĐT cần CM <=> \(\frac{a}{b}-\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c}-\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a}-\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
<=> \(\frac{ac}{b\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{c\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{bc}{a\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\) (1)
Đặt: \(A=\frac{ab}{c\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{bc}{a\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ca}{b\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{a^2b^2}{abc\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{b^2c^2}{abc\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c^2a^2}{abc\left(b+c\right)}\)
ÁP DỤNG BĐT CAUCHY - SCHWARZ SẼ ĐƯỢC:
=> \(A\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{abc\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)}=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
TA TIẾP TỤC 1 BĐT: \(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge3abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
=> \(A\ge\frac{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}{2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\) (2)
TỪ (1) VÀ (2) => TA CÓ ĐPCM.
Cách 1:
Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki :
\(VT=\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\cdot\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Cách 2:
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si :
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2\cdot\left(b+c\right)}{4\cdot\left(b+c\right)}}=a\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c+a}{4}\ge b\); \(\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}\ge c\)
Cộng vế :
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge a+b+c-\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
áp dụng bđt cauchy ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+ab\ge2a^2;\frac{b^3}{c}+bc\ge2b^2;\frac{c^3}{a}+ca\ge2c^2\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-ab-bc-ca\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-a^2-b^2-c^2\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
Theo Cauchy - Schwarz ta có : \(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(c^2+a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\left|ab+bc+ac\right|\ge ab+ac+bc\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}=\frac{a^4}{ab}+\frac{b^4}{bc}+\frac{c^4}{ac}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{ab+ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2\)(đpcm)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số không âm, ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{4}+\frac{a+b}{4}+\frac{c+a}{4}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b+c}.\frac{b+c}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{c+a}.\frac{c+a}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{a+b}.\frac{a+b}{4}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(a+b+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{b\left(a+b+c\right)}{c+a}+\frac{c\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Bạn tự chứng minh BĐT phụ: \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\) \(x;y;z>0\)
Áp dụng, ta có:
\(\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\right]\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+1+\frac{b}{c+a}+1+\frac{c}{a+b}+1\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)