Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) \(x^2+6x+9\)
b) \(10x-25-x^2\)
c) \(8x^3-\frac{1}{8}\)
d) \(\frac{1}{25}x^2-64y^2\)
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Bài giải:
a) x2 + 6x + 9 = x2 + 2 . x . 3 + 32 = (x + 3)2
b) 10x – 25 – x2 = -(-10x + 25 +x2) = -(25 – 10x + x2)
= -(52 – 2 . 5 . x – x2) = -(5 – x)2
c) 8x3 - = (2x)3 – ()3 = (2x - )[(2x)2 + 2x . + ()2]
= (2x - )(4x2 + x + )
d) x2 – 64y2 = - (8y)2 = (x + 8y)(x - 8y)
a) x2 + 6x + 9 = x2 + 2.3x + 32 = (x + 3)2
b) 10x – 25 – x2 = -(x2 -10x + 25) = -(x2 -2.5x + 52)
= -(x – 5)2
c) 8x3 – 1/8= (2x)3 – ( 1/2)3 = (2x – 1/2)[(2x)2 + 2x . 1/2+ (1/2)2]
= (2x – 1/2)(4x2 + x + 1/4)
d) 1/25x2 – 64y2 = (1/5 x)2– (8y)2 = ( 1/5 x + 8y)(1/5x- 8y)
a) \(x^2\)\(+\)\(6x\)\(+\)\(9\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^2\)
b) \(x^3\)\(+\)\(3x^2\)\(+\)\(3x\)\(+\)\(1\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^3\)
c) \(8x^3\)\(-\)\(\frac{1}{8}\)
\(=\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(4x^2+x+\frac{1}{4}\right)\)
d) \(10x\)\(-\)\(25\)\(-\)\(x^2\)
\(=\)\(-x^2\)\(+\)\(10\)\(-\)\(25\)
\(=-\left(x^2-10+25\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-5\right)^2\)
e) \(\frac{1}{25}x^2\)\(-\)\(64y^2\)
=\(\left(\frac{1}{25}x-8y\right)\left(\frac{1}{5}x+8y\right)\)
\(a,=2x^2-6x+9x-27=\left(x-3\right)\left(2x+9\right)\\ b,=x^2-7x+\dfrac{49}{4}-\dfrac{73}{4}\\ =\left(x-\dfrac{7}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{73}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{7}{2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{73}}{2}\right)\left(x-\dfrac{7}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{73}}{2}\right)\\ c,=x^2+3x+4x+12=\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\\ d,=x^2-2x-8x+16=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-8\right)\\ e,=x^2-3x-5x+15=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-5\right)\\ g,=x^2+2x+4x+8=\left(x+2\right)\left(x+4\right)\)
a) \(x^2-9+2\left(x+3\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)+2\left(x+3\right)=\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3+2\right)=\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
b) \(x^2-10x+25-3\left(x-5\right)=\left(x-5\right)^2-3\left(x-5\right)=\left(x-5\right)\left(x-5-3\right)=\left(x-5\right)\left(x-8\right)\)
c) \(x^3-4x^2+3x=x\left(x^2-4x+3\right)=x\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)\)
Bài 3
a) x² + 10x + 25
= x² + 2.x.5 + 5²
= (x + 5)²
b) 8x - 16 - x²
= -(x² - 8x + 16)
= -(x² - 2.x.4 + 4²)
= -(x - 4)²
c) x³ + 3x² + 3x + 1
= x³ + 3.x².1 + 3.x.1² + 1³
= (x + 1)³
d) (x + y)² - 9x²
= (x + y)² - (3x)²
= (x + y - 3x)(x + y + 3x)
= (y - 2x)(4x + y)
e) (x + 5)² - (2x - 1)²
= (x + 5 - 2x + 1)(x + 5 + 2x - 1)
= (6 - x)(3x + 4)
Bài 4
a) x² - 9 = 0
x² = 9
x = 3 hoặc x = -3
b) (x - 4)² - 36 = 0
(x - 4 - 6)(x - 4 + 6) = 0
(x - 10)(x + 2) = 0
x - 10 = 0 hoặc x + 2 = 0
*) x - 10 = 0
x = 10
*) x + 2 = 0
x = -2
Vậy x = -2; x = 10
c) x² - 10x = -25
x² - 10x + 25 = 0
(x - 5)² = 0
x - 5 = 0
x = 5
d) x² + 5x + 6 = 0
x² + 2x + 3x + 6 = 0
(x² + 2x) + (3x + 6) = 0
x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2) = 0
(x + 2)(x + 3) = 0
x + 2 = 0 hoặc x + 3 = 0
*) x + 2 = 0
x = -2
*) x + 3 = 0
x = -3
Vậy x = -3; x = -2
\(\frac{2}{5}x\left(y-1\right)-\frac{2}{5}y\left(y-1\right)\)
\(=\left(y-1\right)\left[\left(\frac{2}{5}x-\frac{2}{5}y\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(y-1\right)\frac{2}{5}\left(x-y\right)\)
a) \(8x^3-\frac{1}{8}\)
\(=\left(2x\right)^3-\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3\)
\(=\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(4x^2+2x+\frac{1}{4}\right)\)
b) \(\frac{1}{25}x^2-64y^2\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{5}x\right)^2-\left(8y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{5}x-8y\right)\left(\frac{1}{5}x+8y\right)\)
a) \(x^2+6x+9\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
b) \(10x-25-x^2\)
\(=-\left(x^2-10x+25\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-5\right)^2\)
\(=-\left(x-5\right)\left(x-5\right)\)
c) \(8x^3-\frac{1}{8}\)
\(=\left(2x\right)^3-\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3\)
\(=\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(4x^2+x+\frac{1}{4}\right)\)
d) \(\frac{1}{25}x^2-64y^2\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{5}x\right)^2-\left(8y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{5}x-8y\right)\left(\frac{1}{5}x+8y\right)\)
a) \(x^2+6x+9=x^2+2.3.x+3^2\)\(=\left(x+3\right)^2\)
b)\(10x-25-x^2=-\left(x^2-10x+25\right)\)\(=-\left(x^2-2.5.x+5^2\right)=-\left(x+5\right)^2\)
c)\(8x^3-\frac{1}{8}=\left(2x\right)^3-\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3\)\(=\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(4x+x+\frac{1}{4}\right)\)
d)\(\frac{1}{25}x^2-64y^2=\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^2-\left(8y\right)^2\)\(=\left(\frac{1}{5}-8y\right)\left(\frac{1}{5}+8y\right)\)