Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử:
a) 2024x - 2024y - 2024x2 + 4048xy - 2024y2
b) x2 + 5x - 6
c) 2x2 + 3x - 5
d) x4 + 4
e) x5 + x + 1
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x^3-2x-4
=x^3-2x-8+4 (Ta thấy - 8 + 4 là bằng -4 nên ta thêm vào thì cũng giống nhau)
=(x^3-8)-(2x-4) (Nhóm hạng tử)
=(x-2)(x^2+2x+4)-2(x-2) \([\)(Hằng đẳng thức 6) và ta thấy -2 là nhân tử chung\(]\)
=(x-2)(x^2+2x+4-x+2) (Rút gọn)
=(x-2)(x^2+x+6)
(a+b)3-(a-b)3=a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3-(a3-3a2b+3ab2-b3)
=a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3-a3+3a2b-3ab2+b3
=6a2b+2b3
Áp dụng hđt a3-b3=(a-b)(a2+ab+b2) ấy
\(\left(a+b\right)^3-\left(a-b\right)^3=\left[\left(a+b\right)-\left(a-b\right)\right]\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+\left(a-b\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\left(a+b-a+b\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2+a^2-b^2+a^2-2ab+b^2\right)\)
\(=2b\left(3a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(4a^2b^2-\left(a^2+b^2-c^2\right)^2\)
\(=4a^2b^2-2ab\left(a^2+b^2-c^2\right)+2ab\left(a^2+b^2-c^2\right)-\left(a^2+b^2-c^2\right)^2\)
\(=2ab\left[2ab-\left(a^2+b^2-c^2\right)\right]+\left(a^2+b^2-c^2\right)\left[2ab-\left(a^2+b^2-c^2\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(2ab+a^2+b^2-c^2\right)\left(2ab-a^2-b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a^2+ab+ab+b^2-c^2\right)\left[c^2-\left(a^2-ab-ab+b^2\right)\right]\)
\(=\left[a\left(a+b\right)+b\left(a+b\right)-c^2\right]\left[c^2-\left(a\left(a-b\right)-b\left(a-b\right)\right)\right]\)
\(=\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2\right]\left[c^2-\left(a-b\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)-c^2\right]\left[c^2+c\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)-\left(a-b\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b-c\right)+c\left(a+b-c\right)\right]\left[c\left(c+a-b\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\left(c-a+b\right)\)
Tham khảo:https://hoc247.net/hoi-dap/toan-8/phan-tich-da-thuc-x-7-x-2-1-thanh-nhan-tu-faq417522.html
\(=x^7+x^6-x^6+x^5-x^5+x^4-x^4+x^3-x^3+x^2+x^2-x^2+x-x+1\\ =\left(x^7+x^6+x^5\right)-\left(x^6+x^5+x^4\right)+\left(x^4+x^3+x^2\right)-\left(x^3+x^2+x\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\\ =\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^5-x^4+x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(\left(25-m^2\right)=\left(5-m\right)\left(5+m\right)\)
Áp dụng \(\left(a+b\right)^3=a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^3-x^3-y^3-z^3\)
\(=\left[\left(x+y\right)+z\right]^3-x^3-y^3-z^3\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3+3z\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)-x^3-y^3-z^3\)
\(=x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)+3z\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)-x^3-y^3\)
\(=3\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+xz+yz+z^2\right)\)
\(=3\left(x+y\right)\left[x\left(y+z\right)+z\left(y+z\right)\right]\)
\(=3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\)
\(x^2-4x-y^2+4=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-y^2=\left(x-2\right)^2-y^2=\left(x-2-y\right)\left(x-2+y\right)\)
`a) 2024x - 2024y - 2024x^2 + 4048xy - 2024y^2`
`= ( 2024x - 2024y) - (2024x^2 - 4048xy + 2024y^2)`
`= 2024 (x-y) - 2024 (x^2 - 2xy + y^2)`
`= 2024 (x-y) - 2024 (x-y)^2`
`= 2024 (x-y) (1 - x + y)`
`b) x^2 + 5x - 6`
`= (x^2 - x) + (6x - 6)`
`= x(x-1) + 6(x-1)`
`= (x+6)(x-1)`
`c) 2x^2 + 3x - 5`
`= (2x^2 - 2x) + (5x - 5)`
`= 2x(x - 1) + 5(x-1)`
`= (2x+5)(x-1)`
`d) x^4 + 4 `
`= (x^2)^2 + 2^2`
`= (x^2)^2 + 4x^2 + 2^2 - 4x^2`
`= (x^2 + 2)^2 - (2x)^2 `
`= (x^2 - 2x + 2)(x^2 + 2x+ 2)`
`e) x^5 + x + 1`
`= (x^5 - x^2) + (x^2 + x + 1)`
`= x^2 (x^3 - 1) + (x^2 + x + 1)`
`= x^2 (x-1) (x^2 + x + 1) + (x^2 + x + 1)`
`= (x^3 - x^2 + 1) (x^2 + x + 1) `