Bài 5: Cho 20 gam dd NaOH 20% tác dụng vừa hết với dd CuSO4 10% thu được kết tủa màu xanh lam
a) Tính khối lượng dd CuSO4 đã dùng?
b) Tính khối lượng kết tủa xanh thu được?
c) Tính nồng độ % của dd thu được sau phản ứng?
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a) $CuSO_4 + 2NaOH \to Cu(OH)_2 + Na_2SO_4$
b) $n_{Cu(OH)_2} = n_{CuSO_4} = \dfrac{16}{160} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{Cu(OH)_2} = 0,1.98 = 9,8(gam)$
c) $n_{NaOH} = 2n_{CuSO_4} = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,1} = 2M$
PTHH: \(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2\left(M\right)\\m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\cdot98=9,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a. PTHH: \(CuSO_4+2NaOH--->Na_2SO_4+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
b. Đổi 100ml = 0,1 lít
Ta có: \(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{9,8}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuSO_4}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{CuSO_4}=0,1.160=16\left(g\right)\)
c. Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=2.n_{CuSO_4}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2M\)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{48,75}{162,5}=0,3(mol)\\ 3NaOH+FeCl_3\to Fe(OH)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3(mol);n_{NaOH}=n_{NaCl}=0,9(mol)\\ a,m_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3.107=32,1(g)\\ b,m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,9.40}{10\%}=360(g)\\ c,C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,9.58,5}{360+48,75-32,1}.100\%=13,98\%\\ \)
\(d,2Fe(OH)_3+3H_2SO_4\to Fe_2(SO_4)_3+6H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{20\%}=220,5(g)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{220,5}{1,14}=193,42(ml)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
a, \(C_{M_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,1}=2,5\left(M\right)\)
b, \(m_{CaCO_3}=0,25.100=25\left(g\right)\)
c, \(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+2H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5.36,5}{20\%}=91,25\left(g\right)\)
a, PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{9,6}{24}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,2}=4\left(M\right)\)
c, Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\)
a) Na2O +H2O-->2NaOH (1)
2NaOH +CuSO4 -->Na2SO4+ Cu(OH)2 (2)
Cu(OH)2 -to-> CuO +H2O (3)
b) mNa2O=8.100/100=8(g)
=>nNa2O=8/62=0,13(mol)
theo(2) :nCu(OH)2=1/2nNaOH=0,065(mol)
theo(3):nCuO=nCu(OH)2=0,065(mol)
=>mCuO=0,065.80=5,2(g)
c) CuO +2HCl-->CuCl2+H2O (4)
theo (4) : nHCl=2nCuO=0,13(mol)
mddHCl 25%=0,13.36,5.100250,13.36,5.10025=18,98(g)
a)
$Fe + CuSO_4 \to FeSO_4 + Cu$
Theo PTHH : $n_{Cu} = n_{CuSO_4} = 0,3.1 = 0,3(mol)$
$m_{Cu} = 0,3.64 = 19,2(gam)$
b) $n_{FeSO_4} = n_{CuSO_4} = 0,3(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{FeSO_4} = 0,3.152 = 45,6(gam)$
c) $FeSO_4 + 2NaOH \to Fe(OH)_2 + Na_2SO_4$
$n_{Fe(OH)_2} = n_{FeSO_4} = 0,3(mol)$
$m_{Fe(OH)_2} = 0,3.90 = 27(gam)$
a) PTHH: \(FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow3NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\)
\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{FeCl_3}=0,3\cdot0,5=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,45mol\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,45}{0,25}=1,8\left(l\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,45mol\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,45}{2,1}\approx0,21\left(M\right)\)
(Coi như thể tích dd thay đổi không đáng kể)
d) Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{FeCl_3}=0,225mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,225\cdot98}{20\%}=110,25\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{110,25}{1,14}\approx96,71\left(ml\right)\)
\(a.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{20.20\%}{100\%.40}=0,1mol\\ 2NaOH+CuSO_4\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\\ n_{CuSO_4}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,05mol\\ m_{ddCuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,05.160}{10\%}\cdot100\%=80g\\ b.m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05.98=4,9g\\ c.C_{\%Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05.142}{20+80-4,9}\cdot100\%=7,46\%\)