B1:tìm max:\(\sqrt{x^2+4x+13}-\sqrt{x^2+2x+5}\)
B2:tìm min:\(\sqrt{\left(7-x\right)\left(x+1\right)}-\sqrt{x\left(4-x\right)}\)
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a) Đặt $\sqrt{x+1}=a; \sqrt{9-x}=b$ thì bài toán trở thành:
Tìm max, min của $f(a,b)=a+b$ với $a,b\geq 0$ và $a^2+b^2=10$Ta có:
$f^2(a,b)=(a+b)^2=a^2+b^2+2ab=10+2ab\geq 10$ do $ab\geq 0$
$\Rightarrow f(a,b)\geq \sqrt{10}$ hay $f_{\min}=\sqrt{10}$
Mặt khác: $f^2(a,b)=(a+b)^2\leq 2(a^2+b^2)=20$ (theo BĐT AM-GM)
$\Rightarrow f(a,b)\leq \sqrt{20}=2\sqrt{5}$ hay $f_{\max}=2\sqrt{5}$
b)
Đặt $\sqrt{x}=a; \sqrt{2-x}=b$ thì bài toán trở thành:
Tìm max, min của $f(a,b)=a+b+ab$ với $a,b\geq 0$ và $a^2+b^2=2$. Ta có:
$f(a,b)=\sqrt{(a+b)^2}+ab=\sqrt{a^2+b^2+2ab}+ab=\sqrt{2+2ab}+ab\geq \sqrt{2}$ do $ab\geq 0$
Vậy $f_{\min}=\sqrt{2}$
Lại có, theo BĐT AM-GM:
$f(a,b)=\sqrt{2+2ab}+ab\leq \sqrt{2+a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}=\sqrt{2+2}+\frac{2}{2}=3$
Vậy $f_{\max}=3$
c) Đặt $\sqrt{8-x^2}=a$ thì bài toán trở thành tìm max, min của:
$f(x,a)=x+a+ax$ với $x,a\geq 0$ và $x^2+a^2=8$. Bài này chuyển về y hệt như phần b.
$f_{\min}=2\sqrt{2}$
$f_{\max}=8$
d) Tương tự:
$f_{\min}=2$ khi $x=\pm 2$
$f_{\max}=2+2\sqrt{2}$ khi $x=0$
a) \(A=5+\sqrt{-4x^2-4x}\)
\(A==5+\sqrt{-4x\left(x+1\right)}\)
Có: \(-4x\left(x+1\right)\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{-4x\left(x+1\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=-1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy: \(Max_A=5\) tại \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=-1\end{cases}}\)
b) \(B=\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{4-x}\)
ĐKXĐ: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge2\\x\le4\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x\in\left\{2;3;4\right\}\)
Thay \(x=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{2-2}+\sqrt{4-2}=\sqrt{2}\)
Thay \(x=3\Rightarrow\sqrt{3-1}+\sqrt{4-3}=2\)
Thay \(x=4\Rightarrow\sqrt{4-2}+\sqrt{4-4}=\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy: \(Max_B=2\) tại \(x=3\)
Bài 2:
a)\(A=\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}+\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}+\sqrt{x^2-6x+9}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)^2}\)
\(=\left|x-1\right|+\left|x-2\right|+\left|x-3\right|\)
\(\ge x-1+0+3-x=2\)
Dấu = khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-1\ge0\\x-2=0\\x-3\ge0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge1\\x=2\\x\le3\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
Vậy MinA=2 khi x=2
a) \(\sqrt{x-2}+\dfrac{1}{x-5}\) có nghĩa khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2\ge0\\x-5\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\x\ne5\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\sqrt{\left(2x-6\right)\left(7-x\right)}=\sqrt{2\left(x-3\right)\left(7-x\right)}\) có nghĩa khi:
\(\left(x-3\right)\left(7-x\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3\ge0\\7-x\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3\le0\\7-x\le0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge3\\x\le7\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le3\\x\ge7\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\le x\le7\)
c) \(\sqrt{4x^2-25}=\sqrt{\left(2x-5\right)\left(2x+5\right)}\) có nghĩa khi:
\(\left(2x-5\right)\left(2x+5\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-5\ge0\\2x+5\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-5\le0\\2x+5\le0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge\dfrac{5}{2}\\x\ge-\dfrac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le\dfrac{5}{2}\\x\le-\dfrac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge\dfrac{5}{2}\\x\le-\dfrac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) \(\dfrac{2}{x^2-9}-\sqrt{5-2x}=\dfrac{2}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}-\sqrt{5-2x}\) có nghĩa khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+3\ne0\\x-3\ne0\\5-2x\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne\pm3\\x\le\dfrac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
e) \(\dfrac{x}{x^2-4}+\sqrt{x-2}=\dfrac{x}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}+\sqrt{x-2}\) có nghĩa khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2\ne0\\x+2\ne0\\x-2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne\pm2\\x\ge2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x>2\)
a:
ĐKXĐ: y+1>=0
=>y>=-1
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left(x^2-2x\right)+\sqrt{y+1}=0\\3\left(x^2-2x\right)-2\sqrt{y+1}+7=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left(x^2-2x\right)+\sqrt{y+1}=0\\3\left(x^2-2x\right)-2\sqrt{y+1}=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4\left(x^2-2x\right)+2\sqrt{y+1}=0\\3\left(x^2-2x\right)-2\sqrt{y+1}=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7\left(x^2-2x\right)=-7\\3\left(x^2-2x\right)-2\sqrt{y+1}=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x=-1\\3\cdot\left(-1\right)-2\sqrt{y+1}=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x+1=0\\2\sqrt{y+1}=-3+7=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\sqrt{y+1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y+1=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\left|x-1\right|-3\left|y+2\right|=7\\2\sqrt{4x^2-8x+4}+5\sqrt{y^2+4y+4}=13\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\left|x-1\right|-3\left|y+2\right|=7\\2\cdot\sqrt{\left(2x-2\right)^2}+5\cdot\sqrt{\left(y+2\right)^2}=13\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\left|x-1\right|-3\left|y+2\right|=7\\4\left|x-1\right|+5\left|y+2\right|=13\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}20\left|x-1\right|-12\left|y+2\right|=28\\20\left|x-1\right|+25\left|y+2\right|=65\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-37\left|y+2\right|=-37\\4\left|x-1\right|+5\left|y+2\right|=13\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|y+2\right|=1\\4\left|x-1\right|=13-5=8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|y+2\right|=1\\\left|x-1\right|=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1\in\left\{2;-2\right\}\\y+2\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\in\left\{3;-1\right\}\\y\in\left\{-1;-3\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c: ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< >-1\\y< >-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3x}{x+1}-\dfrac{2}{y+4}=4\\\dfrac{2x}{x+1}-\dfrac{5}{y+4}=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3x+3-3}{x+1}-\dfrac{2}{y+4}=4\\\dfrac{2x+2-2}{x+1}-\dfrac{5}{y+4}=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3-\dfrac{3}{x+1}-\dfrac{2}{y+4}=4\\2-\dfrac{2}{x+1}-\dfrac{5}{y+4}=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{x+1}+\dfrac{2}{y+4}=3-4=-1\\\dfrac{2}{x+1}+\dfrac{5}{y+4}=2-9=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{6}{x+1}+\dfrac{4}{y+4}=-2\\\dfrac{6}{x+1}+\dfrac{15}{y+4}=-21\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{-11}{y+4}=19\\\dfrac{3}{x+1}+\dfrac{2}{y+4}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+4=-\dfrac{11}{19}\\\dfrac{3}{x+1}+2:\dfrac{-11}{19}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{11}{19}-4=-\dfrac{87}{19}\\\dfrac{3}{x+1}=-1-2:\dfrac{-11}{19}=-1+2\cdot\dfrac{19}{11}=\dfrac{27}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{87}{19}\\x+1=\dfrac{11}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{87}{19}\\x=\dfrac{2}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\)(nhận)
d:
ĐKXĐ: x<>1 và y<>-2
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}+\dfrac{3y}{y+2}=7\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x-1+2}{x-1}+\dfrac{3y+6-6}{y+2}=7\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+\dfrac{2}{x-1}+3-\dfrac{6}{y+2}=7\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{6}{y+2}=7-4=3\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{1}{y+2}=-1\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+2=1\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}-5=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}=9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x-1=\dfrac{2}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x=\dfrac{11}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\left(nhận\right)\)
Đặt \(2\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{4-x}=t\Rightarrow t^2-4=3x+4+4\sqrt{-x^2+3x+4}\)
Ta có:
\(2\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{4-x}\le\sqrt{\left(4+1\right)\left(x+1+4-x\right)}=5\)
\(\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{4-x}\ge\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+1+4-x}\ge\sqrt{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{5}\le t\le5\)
Phương trình trở thành:
\(t^2-4=mt\) \(\Leftrightarrow f\left(t\right)=t^2-mt-4=0\)
\(ac=-4< 0\Rightarrow pt\) luôn có 2 nghiệm trái dấu (nghĩa là đúng 1 nghiệm dương)
Vậy để pt có nghiệm thuộc \(\left[\sqrt{5};5\right]\Rightarrow x_1< \sqrt{5}\le x_2\le5\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(\sqrt{5}\right).f\left(5\right)\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1-\sqrt{5}m\right)\left(21-5m\right)\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{5}\le m\le\dfrac{21}{5}\)
2.
Chắc đề đúng là "tìm m để giá trị nhỏ nhất của hàm số đạt giá trị lớn nhất"
Hàm bậc 2 có \(a=2>0\Rightarrow y_{min}=-\dfrac{\Delta}{4a}=-\dfrac{9\left(m+1\right)^2-8\left(m^2+3m-2\right)}{8}=-\dfrac{m^2-6m+25}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow y_{min}=-\dfrac{1}{8}\left(m-3\right)^2-2\le-2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(m-3=0\Rightarrow m=3\)